全喂入花生摘果动态损伤机理与低损伤摘果机构研究

我国年产花生1700万吨，占油料作物50%。然而，花生荚果的5%因摘果损伤而直接或间接损失。机械摘果导致花生果壳破损和花生米离壳，失去完好外壳的花生被直接选出或逐渐劣变且危害储藏。项目通过系列试验研究花生荚果及植株等物理机械特性；采用离散元与有限元方法研究花生荚果损伤特性；研制轴流与切流式全喂入花生摘果试验台并借助高速摄影仪观察摘果过程中植株和荚果分布、运动、姿态和果茎分离动态过程，分析其影响因素和规律；基于碰撞力学等理论分析花生荚果与摘果部件接触碰撞、受力和破损过程，建立相应动力学模型，揭示花生摘果过程中动态损伤机理；确定花生摘果最佳原理并构建新型机构，通过虚拟样机仿真分析探求摘果关键部件参数对花生摘果损伤影响，优化结构和参数；分别研制出低损伤轴流式和切流式全喂入花生摘果机。项目有望实现花生摘果理论与技术突破，丰富收获机械的技术与理论，为解决我国花生摘果损伤、损失问题奠定理论与技术基础。

China's annual output of peanut pods is about 17 million tons, accounting for the 50% of all oil crops. However, the 5% of the peanut pods were damaged during the threshing, it caused the direct or indirect losses. Mechanical threshing can lead to breakage of peanut shell and the peanut kernels exposed. The peanut without intact shell would be picked out or gradually deteriorate, and damage the storage. In this project, the physical mechanical properties of pods and plants would be obtained through the test. And the mechanism of the pod mechanicaldamage would be studied with the discrete element and finite element. The peanut threshing test devices would be developed. Besides, the distribution, movement, posture of plants and pods and the separation between pods and stems would be observed with the high speed photography during the threshing. So the influence factors and dynamic changing principle would be analyzed. Based on the collision theory, the contacting collision, stress and breakage process of peanut pods and threshing components would be analyzed. And the dynamic damage mechanism in the peanut threshing process would be revealed by building the dynamic model. Determine the optimal peanut threshing principle and build new mechanism, explore the effect of key threshing components parameters on peanut threshing damage by the virtual reality system, and optimize the structure and parameters. Finally, develop the full-feeding peanut thresher prototype, which will be tested and improved. This project could be used to improve the technology level of peanut thresher in China and then solve the problem of peanut threshing, it also could provide theoretical basis for the design of relative harvesting machinery.