人类的骨骼肌特别是下肢抗重力肌在废用状态下(失重、卧床与不活动)10天左右，即可出现明显的肌肉萎缩。深入研究废用性肌萎缩的发生机制与防护措施，是航天医学、临床医学、运动医学及康复医学等领域亟待解决的重大课题之一。达乌尔黄鼠(Spermophilus dauricus)在每年长达5至6个月的冬眠中，其骨骼肌无疑处于废用状态，但出眠时并未发生明显的肌萎缩现象，显然，冬眠黄鼠是一种天然的抗废用性肌萎缩动物模型。本项目拟用比较生理学方法系统研究肌肉废用(后肢去负荷、冬眠) 与冬眠阵对黄鼠骨骼肌的影响及机制，并与后肢去负荷大鼠相比较；通过对骨骼肌的蛋白质代谢、胞浆钙稳态、能量代谢及血氧供应能力四个方面的研究，探讨黄鼠冬眠期抗肌萎缩的机制及与冬眠阵的可能关系，初步阐明黄鼠骨骼肌对特殊生态环境生理适应的主要表现和机制，并有望为深入研究非冬眠动物的废用性肌萎缩发生机制与防治措施提供新思路、新方法。

Human skeletal muscle,especially hindlimb antigravity muscle,,showed significant muscle atrophy after about 10 days disuse (weightlessness, bed rest and inactivity). Mechanisms of disuse muscle atrophy and its protective measures is an important issue to be solved for aerospace medicine, clinical medicine and sports medicine. For this question, a valuable model is provided for us by daurian ground squirrels (Spermophilus dauricus) whose skeletal muscle do not show obvious atrophy after a long time disuse in its 5 to 6 months hibernation. Obviously, a mechanism of protecting skeletal muscle from atrophy worked in this process. We planned to apply comparative physiology methods on ground squirrels and hindlimb unloading rats to study the effects of disuse on structure and contractile function of skeletal muscle systematically; Four aspects, including protein metabolism, cytosolic calcium homeostasis, energy metabolism, and blood-oxygen supply, were selected to investigate the possible anti-atrophy mechanism from disuse in hibernating ground squirrels and its relationship with hibernation bouts. The object of the study is to illustrate the main morphological and functional changes and mechanism that adapt skeletal muscle of ground squirrels to the special ecological environment. The study will hopefully provide a new route and method for further research of mechanisms of disuse muscle atrophy and its protective measures in nonhibernators.