水稻结实率是决定水稻产量的关键要素。我们前期的研究发现GSD1在韧皮部伴胞特异表达，定位于胞间连丝和质膜，通过调节胞间连丝的通透性，进而调控水稻结实率。但GSD1胞间连丝和质膜定位的机制以及GSD1蛋白翻译后修饰与水稻结实率的关系尚不清楚。本项目将进一步鉴定GSD1互作蛋白、GSD1质膜靶向核心序列、GSD1蛋白翻译后棕榈酰化修饰及其修饰位点，解析GSD1胞间连丝和质膜微区定位与棕榈酰化修饰的关系以及GSD1蛋白棕榈酰化对胞间连丝通透性和水稻结实率的影响，揭示GSD1质膜靶向新机制和GSD1对胞间连丝通透性的动态调控机制。系统阐明GSD1通过调节同化物共质体运输调控水稻结实率的分子机制，为培育水稻高产新品系提供新的技术思路。

Grain setting rate is a major determinant of grain yield in rice. In our previous study, we identified a rice T-DNA insertion mutant gsd1-D (grain setting defect 1 Dominant), which displays significantly reduced grain setting. The GSD1 is specifically localized in the plasma membrane (PM) and plasmodesmata (PD) of phloem companion cells. Evidence suggests GSD1 through regulating the PD conductance modulating rice grain setting. However, the mechanism of GSD1 PD and PM targeting, as well as the role of GSD1 post-translational modification on rice grain setting rate regulation is still unknown. This project will analyze GSD1 interacting proteins, GSD1 PM targeting domain, GSD1 post-translational palmitoylation modification and precise palmitoylation sites, and the role of palmitoylation for GSD1 PD and PM microdomains location, revealing the mechanism of GSD1 PM targeting and palmitoylation in association with rice grain setting. This work will provide new information of grain setting regulation and have important implications for improving rice yield.