词汇学习是第二语言学习的基础。一直以来，研究者在探索第二语言词汇学习的认知神经机制方面进行了很多尝试，但是这些研究一方面忽略了第二语言词汇学习中第二语言与母语的相互作用，而孤立地考察第二语言词汇学习的认知神经机制，另一方面使用传统的脑激活分析方法无法直接考察学习经验对词汇神经表征的塑造作用。为了克服已有研究的局限，本项目拟使用功能磁共振技术和人工语言训练范式，结合表征相似性分析，探讨如下三个问题：1）第二语言学习经验对第二语言词汇神经表征的塑造作用；2）第二语言学习经验对母语与第二语言之间表征相似性的塑造作用；3）学习前词汇神经表征相似性对词汇学习成绩的预测作用。对上述问题的探讨能够系统揭示第二语言词汇学习的认知神经机制，促进人们对母语和第二语言相互作用机制的认识，并为理解学习与脑可塑性关系提供一个新的窗口。

Lexical learning is critical for second language learning. Up to now, much research has investigated the neural basis of second language learning. However, those studies have two major limitations. First, they examined the neural mechanism of second language learning without taking the interaction between native and second languages into account. Second, most of them used activation-based analysis and consequently was not able to test how language experience shapes neural representations of novel words. To overcome those two limitations, the present study will use fMRI technology, artificial language training paradigm, and representational similarity analysis to examine three research questions: 1) how language experience shapes neural representations of novel words; 2) how second language experience shapes the neural pattern similarity between native and second languages; and 3) whether neural pattern similarity before training predicts novel word learning. The results of this study will help to reveal the neural mechanism of second language learning, further our understanding of the interaction between native and second languages, and provide new insights into our understanding of learning and brain plasticity.