免疫疗法通过调控机体自身免疫应答实现长效、个体化的治疗作用，是目前癌症治疗的热点研究方向之一。然而，现有的免疫疗法可控性尚不理想，免疫调节剂或改造后的免疫细胞输送入体内后难以进一步控制其起效范围，带有相似靶标的正常细胞也可能受到攻击，或者免疫应答通路被过度激活引发系统性炎症反应，进而导致严重的副作用。本项目拟构建一种温敏稀土发光-光热纳米复合材料，实现光热效应介导的可控免疫激活。使用该复合纳米材料靶向CD4+ T细胞，在温敏发光的监控下，精确控制光热效应开启CD4+ T细胞的热响应离子通道，对病灶局部的T细胞进行激活实现免疫治疗作用。本项目的研究将为癌症免疫治疗提供一种低侵入性、可控的新策略。

Immunotherapy achieves long-lasting, personalized therapeutic effects by regulating the immune response, which is one of the important directions for cancer treatment. However, the controllability of the existing immunotherapy is not ideal. It is difficult to further control its effective range after the immune modulators or modified immune cells are transported into the body. Normal cells with similar targets may also be attacked or the immune response pathways are over activated inducing a systemic inflammatory reaction. In this proposal, we plan to construct a nanocomposite with temperature-sensitive lanthanide luminescence and photothermal effect to achieve controllable immune activation mediated by the photothermal effect. The composite nanomaterials will be designed to target CD4+ T cells. Under the monitoring of temperature-sensitive luminescence, the photothermal effect will be precisely controlled to open the heat-responsive ion channels of CD4+ T cells so that the local T cells of the lesion are activated to achieve the effect of immunotherapy. This project will provide a new strategy for cancer immunotherapy with good controllability and low invasiveness.