硬脆材料磨削去除及表面形成机制是精密和超精密加工领域的基础科学问题，现有研究主要采用准静态压痕和刻划实验方法，不能准确表征高速磨削高应变率条件下材料力学响应特性的变化及其对材料去除和表面形成机制的影响。.本项目以单晶碳化硅、氧化镥等硬脆单晶材料为研究对象，通过多尺度数值模拟和动态冲击及刻划实验，探索高应变率条件下硬脆单晶材料的力学响应特性及损伤机制、单磨粒高速动态刻划接触区域应力/应变场分布对裂纹起始行为的影响、高应变率动态刻划条件下硬脆单晶材料塑性去除机理及残留损伤表征、脆性去除微裂纹形成与扩展机制及应变率对表面/亚表面损伤特征的影响规律。最后，通过硬脆单晶材料多磨粒耦合刻划及高速磨削实验，研究损伤累积演变及材料去除机制，建立考虑应变率效应的磨削亚表面裂纹深度预测模型并提出抑制措施。.研究成果可以为硬脆材料精密和超精密加工技术研究提供理论依据，具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。

The material removal and surface generation mechanisms of hard and brittle materials during grinding process are the fundamental problems in the field of precision and ultra-precision machining. The present researches mainly adopt quasi-static indentation and scratch methods, which are unable to correctly characterize the change of material mechanical response characteristics and its influences on the material removal and surface generation mechanisms under the condition of high strain rate in high speed grinding..Single crystal SiC, lutetium oxide and other hard and brittle single crystal materials are mainly adopted in this research. Through the multi-scale numerical simulation and the experiments of dynamic impact and scratch, the mechanical response and damage mechanisms of hard and brittle single crystal materials under the condition of high strain rate, the influences of the stress and strain fields distribution on the crack initiation in high speed scratch of single abrasive grain, the chip formation mechanism and residual damage characterization in the way of ductile material removal as well as the influence law of strain rate on surface/subsurface damage characterization in the brittle removal mode of the hard and brittle single crystal materials under the condition of high strain rate in dynamic scratch will be carried out. Then, the damage accumulation mechanisms and material removal mechanisms of the hard and brittle single crystal materials will be researched through multi-abrasive-grain coupling scratch and high speed grinding experiments. The prediction model of the subsurface crack depth will be established considering the strain rate effect. Finally, the damage restrain measures will be put forward based on the research..The achievements can provide theory evidence for precision and ultra-precision grinding of hard and brittle materials. It is of theoretical significance and practical values.