近年来大气污染受到高度重视，控制措施也初见成效,但目前的主要关注点相对集中在工业、交通、发电等排放源，对健康危害的关注更是集中在室外空气污染方面。世界卫生组织的数据表明，我国家庭固体燃料使用对居民健康危害的贡献极高。17-18年冬季在华北地区采取的系列煤改措施取得的成效也从一个侧面反映了生活源的重要性。尽管如此，目前对我国生活源大气污染物排放的认识仍停留在相当初步的阶段。生活源大气污染物排放量、对区域大气污染和居民室内空气污染的影响,以及对我国人群呼吸暴露和健康影响等方面均缺乏定量数据，不利于政府部门在污染控制决策方面做出优先选择。本研究拟在课题组前期工作（生活能源结构、排放因子、室内空气和个体暴露等）基础上，构建全国生活源大气污染物排放清单；建立家庭炉灶泄漏测定和模拟方法；在全国尺度上定量阐明生活源大气污染物对室外和室内空气污染的贡献；获得我国人群对PM2.5呼吸总体暴露量和健康危害。

Air pollution is one of the most concerned environmental issues in China in recent years. A series of mitigation measures have been taken. Still, the commonly concerned emission sources are industry, transportation, and power generation, where exposure and health impact studies are focused on ambient air. According to the World Health Organization, residential emissions of air pollutant from solid fuel consumption contribute significantly to human health in China. The urgent measures of replacing coal with electricity or natural gas for heating in northern China in the passing winter indicate the importance of this sector. Unfortunately, processes of emissions and impacts of this sector is far from fully understood. Due to lack of detailed information on emissions, fate, and impacts on ambient and indoor air quality as well as on human health lead to uncertainty in control strategy. The objectives of the proposed study are to developed detailed emission inventories of major air pollutants from residential sector in China, to establish a novel method to determinate fugitive emissions of air pollutant from stoves into indoor environment, to model regional ambient and regional PM2.5 in China, to evaluate population inhalation exposure to PM2.5, and consequently health impact in China.