切花小菊花粉败育的细胞与分子机理研究

切花菊是世界四大切花之一，根据花序类型可分为切花大菊和切花小菊，其中切花小菊近年来发展迅速，已成为切花市场的重要组成部分。然而，切花小菊开放中大量散粉会降低其观赏价值和缩短其观赏寿命，同时也会对花粉过敏者健康造成负面影响。为此，近年来我们开始把培育散粉少和不散粉切花小菊作为一个重要育种目标。经过几年的努力,取得了一些重要进展，如发现花粉败育是切花小菊不散粉的一个主要原因，相关结果已在BMC Plant Biology上发表，但花粉败育机理尚不清楚。为此，本项目将在现有良好研究基础上，利用细胞生物学技术研究花粉败育阶段及细胞学特征，再用蛋白质组学及分子生物学等技术研究花粉败育相关基因类型及其调控花粉败育的途径。预期结果将有助于揭示菊花花粉败育深层机理和丰富植物生殖生物学的基础理论知识，更为重要的是将为培育散粉少和不散粉切花小菊新品种提供重要理论参考。因此，本研究具有重要的科学意义和应用前景。

Cut chrysanthemum is one of the four most popular cut flowers in the world, and can be grouped into standard cut chrysanthemum and spray cut chrysanthemum according to its inflorescence type. In recent years, spray cut chrysanthemum has become more and more popular in the world, but its excessive pollen dispersal during flowering stage can significantly reduce its ornamental value and shorten its vase life. In addition, it is harmful to people, in particular those with pollen allergies. We thus regarded low pollen dispersal and no pollen dispersal as a vital breeding objective of cut spray chrysanthemum several years ago. After several years of hard work, we obtained some imporant progress. For example, we found that pollen abortion is a key reason for no pollen dispersal of cut spray chrysanthemum and such result has been publised in BMC Plant Biology. However, the mechanism of pollen abortion is still unclear. Based on our good foundation, we will investigate stage of pollen abortion and cellular characteristics of pollen abortion by some techniques in cellular biology in this project in order to reveal mechanisms of pollen abortion. Then we will determine genes related to pollen abortion and reveal their regulatory network during pollen abortion using some techniques in proteomics and molecular biology. The results will help unravel cellular and molecular mechanisms of pollen abortion and enrich basic theory in plant reproductive biology. More importantly, the results will provide valuable data for development of cut spray chrysanthemum with low or non-dispersed pollen in the near future. Therefore, the study in this project is of great scientific significance and prospective application.