变化环境下跨境流域水利益共享研究

水资源是“改变世界气候变化-水-粮食-能源关系”的核心要素，跨境水问题成为影响全球可持续发展的中心议题和地球科学及国际水文计划等的重要研究议题，水利益分配是其争论的焦点与核心。在变化环境下（气候变化、区域水资源合作、流域国需水），本项目从当前国际公认的权益原则和国际法的基本框架出发，综合应用水文学、地理学、管理学、国际法学、系统科学等理论，采用理论、技术和案例综合集成的方法，选择跨境水问题突出、国家需求重大紧迫的澜沧江-湄公河流域为对象，主要研究（1）气候变化对澜沧江-湄公河流域的径流影响；（2）澜沧江-湄公河流域水资源在时空分布上的多尺度多层次特性和多维权属；（3）跨境水资源水量分配的基本原则和依据；（4）基于水利益共享的跨境水资源多目标分配体系；（5）气候变化和流域国水需求变化对澜沧江-湄公河流域水利益共享的影响。研究成果可为全球变化下保障国家跨境水权益和“一带一路”战略提供科学支撑。

Water resources is critical to 'changing global climate change-water-food-energy nexus'. The issue of water in transboundary river basin has become the key topic of global sustainable development and earth science and International Hydrological Programme, while the benefit allocation in transboundary river basin is the core and focus for the debate. Under the changing environment (climate change, regional water cooperation change, water demand change of riparian countries), according to the internationally accepted benefit rules and the basic framework of international laws, this study integrates hydrology, geography, management, international laws, and system theory, addresses theory, technology and case methods, and select the Langcang-Mekong river as study case allowing for its outstanding transboundary water issue and urgent national demand. It focuses on the following problems: (1) climate change impacts on the Langcang-Mekong river runoff, (2) the characteristics of water resources in multi-scale and multi-layer, and multi-dimensional ownership, (3) the basic principle and basis for water allocation, (4) multi-objective allocation system of transboundary river basin based on water benefit-sharing, (5) climate change and the water demand change of riparian countries impacts on water benefit-sharing in the Langcang-Mekong river basin. The achievements could provide science support for national water benefit in transboundary river basin under global change and ' One Belt and One Road ' strategy.