空间-地面-井中地震电磁一体化监测理论与应用研究

地震预报依然是一个世界性的科学难题。大量的地质、地球物理和地球化学观测资料表明，电磁异常是对短临地震反映最敏感的前兆现象。2018年中国成功发射了电磁监测试验卫星“张衡一号”，将弥补地面及地下地震电磁观测的不足，构建我国空-地-井一体化的立体地震观测体系，开辟探索地震监测、预测的新途径。然而，由于没有建立起复杂条件下地球-空气-电离层统一的地震电磁数学模型，目前观测到的诸多地震电磁现象、地震电磁异常，都不能得到准确的理解。本项目进行球坐标系下地球-空气-电离层耦合模型、100km尺度上任意各向异性电阻率模型的地震电磁三维非结构有限元数值模拟正演理论研究，以及在此基础上进行的地震预测应用研究，有明显的创新性，以期在地震电磁预测中有所突破，从而海量的空-地-井地震电磁观测数据也将在地球和空间科学等诸多领域获得巨大的应用潜力。

Earthquake prediction is still a worldwide scientific problem. A large number of geological, geophysical and geochemical observations indicate that electromagnetic anomalies are the most sensitive precursors to short-term earthquakes. In 2018, China successfully launched the electromagnetic monitoring test satellite “Zhang Heng No.1”, which will make up for the shortage of ground and underground seismic.electromagnetic observations, construct a three-dimensional air-ground-well integrating seismic observation system in China, and open up a new way to exploration and prediction of earthquakes. However, since there is no unified seismic electromagnetic mathematical model for the complicated Earth-air-ionosphere system, many seismic electromagnetic phenomena and seismic electromagnetic anomalies observed at present can not be accurately understood. This project carries out the theoretical study of the seismic electromagnetic three-dimensional unstructured finite element forward modeling for the Earth-air-ionosphere coupling model in the spherical coordinate system and the arbitrary anisotropic resistivity model on the 100 km scale, and on this basis, the application research of earthquake prediction, which have obvious innovation. It can be expected a little breakthrough in seismic electromagnetic prediction, and massive air-ground-well seismic electromagnetic observation data will also have great application potential in many fields such as earth and space sciences.