2013-2016年，西非国家爆发的埃博拉感染疫情危害严重，导致超过11000人死亡。随着与非洲商贸和人员交流日益活跃，埃博拉病毒进入我国的风险很大。认识埃博拉病毒感染与进化特点，对于防控疫情在我国的出现和蔓延具有重要意义。研究表明这次疫情开始于病毒从动物宿主到人类的成功跨物种传播。而病毒在新宿主体内的成功传播通常与宿主适应性突变的获得相关。前期高通量测序研究发现在疫情期间病毒基因组多个位点出现突变，但它们在埃博拉病毒感染和宿主适应性中的作用仍然不清楚。我们通过病毒进化和流行病学分析发现其中多个突变位点与病毒传播、患者死亡率相关。本研究拟以此为基础，针对发现的疫情爆发中病毒基因组突变位点；利用埃博拉假病毒模型，检测这些突变对病毒复制、感染、逃逸宿主天然免疫、宿主细胞易感性等的影响，鉴定病毒适应性相关的关键突变位点；并通过突变蛋白质与宿主相互作用研究揭示其作用机制，为埃博拉病毒感染防治提供理论基础和技术支撑。

From 2013 to 2016, a massive ebola outbreak in some west African countries has killed more than 11,000 people. As trade and personnel exchanges with Africa become more active, the risk of ebola entering China is very high. It is of great significance to understand the spread and evolution of ebola virus in our country. Previous studies have shown that the west African outbreak began with the successful transmissions of viruses from animal hosts to humans. The successful transmission of the virus in the new host is usually related to the acquisition of the host adaptive mutation. Previous sequencing studies have identified multiple mutation sites in the viral genome, but their role in ebola transmission and host adaptation remains unclear. In our previous study, multiple mutation sites related to virus transmission and mortality were found through evolutionary and epidemiological analysis. In this study, we want to discovery the key adaptive mutation sites of virus genome in the outbreak. And to detect the effects of these mutations on virus replication, infection and host susceptibility by using ebola virus infection cell model. The mechanism of action was revealed by analyzing the interaction between the virus proteins and host receptors. Finally, the results of this study will used to provide theoretical basis and technical support for the prevention and treatment of ebola hemorrhagic fever.