Bonobos extract meaning from call sequences.
Bonobos extract meaning from call sequences.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0018786
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发表时间：
2011-04-27
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Zuberbühler K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Clay Z;Zuberbühler K
对受过语言训练的倭黑猩猩的研究表明，它们在代表和沟通任务方面具有非凡的能力。然而，令人惊讶的是，对他们自然交流的相应研究在很大程度上被忽视了。我们解决这个问题的第一个播放研究倭黑猩猩的自然发声行为。倭黑猩猩在寻找食物时会发出五种声音上不同的叫声，它们会定期将这些叫声混合在一起，形成更长的叫声序列。我们发现，个别呼叫类型是相对较差的指标，食品质量，而上下文特异性是更大的呼叫序列水平。因此，我们研究了接收器是否可以通过整合不同的呼叫序列来提取呼叫者遇到的食物质量的意义。我们首先训练了四个圈养的个体在两个不同的地方找到两种食物，猕猴桃（首选）和苹果（不太喜欢）。然后，我们进行了自然主义的播放实验，在此期间，我们广播序列的四个电话，最初由一个熟悉的个人响应猕猴桃或苹果。所有序列包含相同数量的调用，但调用类型的组成不同。回放后，我们发现，主题投入显着更多的搜索努力的领域所指示的呼叫序列。倭黑猩猩并不关注单个的叫声，而是关注整个序列，对叫声者遇到的食物进行推断。这些结果提供了第一个经验证据，倭黑猩猩能够通过参加其他个体的声音序列来提取有关外部事件的信息，并突出了呼叫组合在其自然通信系统中的重要性。
Studies on language-trained bonobos have revealed their remarkable abilities in representational and communication tasks. Surprisingly, however, corresponding research into their natural communication has largely been neglected. We address this issue with a first playback study on the natural vocal behaviour of bonobos. Bonobos produce five acoustically distinct call types when finding food, which they regularly mix together into longer call sequences. We found that individual call types were relatively poor indicators of food quality, while context specificity was much greater at the call sequence level. We therefore investigated whether receivers could extract meaning about the quality of food encountered by the caller by integrating across different call sequences. We first trained four captive individuals to find two types of foods, kiwi (preferred) and apples (less preferred) at two different locations. We then conducted naturalistic playback experiments during which we broadcasted sequences of four calls, originally produced by a familiar individual responding to either kiwi or apples. All sequences contained the same number of calls but varied in the composition of call types. Following playbacks, we found that subjects devoted significantly more search effort to the field indicated by the call sequence. Rather than attending to individual calls, bonobos attended to the entire sequences to make inferences about the food encountered by a caller. These results provide the first empirical evidence that bonobos are able to extract information about external events by attending to vocal sequences of other individuals and highlight the importance of call combinations in their natural communication system.
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