H1.0 C Terminal Domain Is Integral for Altering Transcription Factor Binding within Nucleosomes.

H1.0 C Terminal Domain Is Integral for Altering Transcription Factor Binding within Nucleosomes.
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DOI:
10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00001
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发表时间:
2022-04-19
期刊:
影响因子:
2.9
通讯作者:
Poirier, Michael G.
Poirier, Michael G.
中科院分区:
生物学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Burge, Nathaniel L.;Thuma, Jenna L.;Hong, Ziyong Z.;Jamison, Kevin B.;Ottesen, Jennifer J.;Poirier, Michael G.

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连接组蛋白 H1 是一种非常普遍的蛋白质,可压缩染色质并调节 DNA 可及性和转录。然而,H1 调节核小体内转录因子 (TF) 结合的机制尚不清楚。使用体外荧光测定,我们将荧光团定位在整个人 H1 和核小体中,然后监测 H1 和组蛋白八聚体、H1 和核小体 DNA 或核小体 DNA 和组蛋白八聚体之间的距离变化,以监测 TF 结合过程中 H1 的运动。我们发现 H1 仍然与核小体二元体结合,而 C 末端结构域 (CTD) 在核小体部分解包和 TF 结合过程中释放接头 DNA。此外,突变研究表明,H1 CTD 开头的一个小 16 个氨基酸区域主要负责改变核小体包裹并调节核小体内的 TF 结合。然后,我们通过使用收敛混合相天然化学连接制备完全合成的 H1,研究了人类 H1 中生理相关的翻译后修饰 (PTM)。单个 PTM 以及 H1 磷酸化和瓜氨酸化的组合对核小体结合和核小体包裹没有可检测到的影响,并且对 H1 对核小体内 TF 占据的调节仅产生很小的影响。这表明这些 H1 PTM 通过其他机制发挥作用。我们的结果强调了 H1 CTD(特别是前 16 个氨基酸)在调节核小体接头 DNA 动力学和核小体内 TF 结合方面的重要性。
The linker histone H1 is a highly prevalent protein that compacts chromatin and regulates DNA accessibility and transcription. However, the mechanisms behind H1 regulation of transcription factor (TF) binding within nucleosomes are not well understood. Using in vitro fluorescence assays, we positioned fluorophores throughout human H1 and the nucleosome, then monitored the distance changes between H1 and the histone octamer, H1 and nucleosomal DNA, or nucleosomal DNA and the histone octamer to monitor the H1 movement during TF binding. We found that H1 remains bound to the nucleosome dyad, while the C terminal domain (CTD) releases the linker DNA during nucleosome partial unwrapping and TF binding. In addition, mutational studies revealed that a small 16 amino acid region at the beginning of the H1 CTD is largely responsible for altering nucleosome wrapping and regulating TF binding within nucleosomes. We then investigated physiologically relevant post-translational modifications (PTMs) in human H1 by preparing fully synthetic H1 using convergent hybrid phase native chemical ligation. Both individual PTMs and combinations of phosphorylation and citrullination of H1 had no detectable influence on nucleosome binding and nucleosome wrapping, and had only a minor impact on H1 regulation of TF occupancy within nucleosomes. This suggests that these H1 PTMs function by other mechanisms. Our results highlight the importance of the H1 CTD, in particular, the first 16 amino acids, in regulating nucleosome linker DNA dynamics and TF binding within the nucleosome.
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