Model and Non-model Insects in Chronobiology.
Model and Non-model Insects in Chronobiology.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnbeh.2020.601676
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Helfrich-Förster C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Beer K;Helfrich-Förster C
果蝇是时间生物学中的一种模式生物，因为在实验室中进行遗传操作和繁殖很容易。D.黑腹虫是昆虫中最著名的时钟网络之一，并且已经详细描述了这种昆虫的基本昼夜节律行为。时间生物学中的另一个模型是蜜蜂Apis mellifera，其昼夜觅食行为在世纪早期就已经被描述过。A. mellifera标志着对生物钟与社会性之间的相互作用以及太阳罗盘导航和时间-地点学习等复杂行为的研究。然而，生物钟结构和功能的某些方面，例如生物钟在光周期和滞育中的作用，在这两个模型中只能进行不充分的研究。不像高纬度的苍蝇，如Chymomyza costata或D。ezoana，国际化D.黑腹果蝇不显示光周期滞育。同样，A.意大利蜜蜂不进入“真实的”滞育，但大多数独居蜜蜂物种表现出强制性滞育。此外，社会性在不同的Hytera独立地进化，因此，它可能是误导研究社会时钟只在一个社会昆虫。因此，需要对非模式昆虫进行额外的研究，以了解双翅目和膜翅目的昼夜节律钟。本文主要介绍了两种时间生物学模式昆虫-D. melanogaster和A.比较了它们与其他昆虫的生物钟，并指出了它们作为昆虫生物钟通用模型的优点和局限性。
The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is an established model organism in chronobiology, because genetic manipulation and breeding in the laboratory are easy. The circadian clock neuroanatomy in D. melanogaster is one of the best-known clock networks in insects and basic circadian behavior has been characterized in detail in this insect. Another model in chronobiology is the honey bee Apis mellifera, of which diurnal foraging behavior has been described already in the early twentieth century. A. mellifera hallmarks the research on the interplay between the clock and sociality and complex behaviors like sun compass navigation and time-place-learning. Nevertheless, there are aspects of clock structure and function, like for example the role of the clock in photoperiodism and diapause, which can be only insufficiently investigated in these two models. Unlike high-latitude flies such as Chymomyza costata or D. ezoana, cosmopolitan D. melanogaster flies do not display a photoperiodic diapause. Similarly, A. mellifera bees do not go into “real” diapause, but most solitary bee species exhibit an obligatory diapause. Furthermore, sociality evolved in different Hymenoptera independently, wherefore it might be misleading to study the social clock only in one social insect. Consequently, additional research on non-model insects is required to understand the circadian clock in Diptera and Hymenoptera. In this review, we introduce the two chronobiology model insects D. melanogaster and A. mellifera, compare them with other insects and show their advantages and limitations as general models for insect circadian clocks.
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