Cellular mechanisms of bone remodeling.
Cellular mechanisms of bone remodeling.
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DOI：
10.1007/s11154-010-9153-1
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发表时间：
2010-12
影响因子：
8.2
通讯作者：
Eriksen, Erik Fink
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Eriksen, Erik Fink
关键词：
骨重建是一个严格调控的过程，通过顺序的破骨细胞吸收和成骨细胞骨形成，确保微损伤的修复(靶向重建)，并用新骨取代旧骨。重塑的速度受多种促降钙素(甲状旁腺素、甲状腺激素、性类固醇等)的调节。近年来，我们逐渐认识到骨重塑是在一种特殊的血管结构--骨重建室(BRC)中进行的。该隔室的外层由扁平的细胞组成，显示了骨内衬里细胞的所有特征，包括OPG和RANKL的表达。骨周转减少会导致BRCs数量减少，而骨周转增加会导致BRCs数量增加。在与骨髓分离的有限空间内分泌调节因子将有助于局部调节重塑过程，而不会受到骨髓空间中血细胞分泌的生长因子的干扰。BRC还创造了一个环境，结构内的细胞暴露在裸骨中，这可能使细胞与整合素和其他已知调节破骨细胞/成骨细胞活动的基质因子直接相互作用。然而，BRC内部裸露的骨表面也构成了种植骨转移瘤的理想环境，众所周知，骨转移瘤对骨基质具有很高的亲和力。循环中的破骨细胞和成骨细胞前体细胞已在外周血中被证实。调节破骨细胞募集的主要途径是RANKL/OPG系统，许多不同的因子(RUNX、Osterix)参与了成骨细胞的分化。这两条通路都受到促降钙素激素的调节。
Bone remodeling is a tightly regulated process securing repair of microdamage (targeted remodeling) and replacement of old bone with new bone through sequential osteoclastic resorption and osteoblastic bone formation. The rate of remodeling is regulated by a wide variety of calcitropic hormones (PTH, thyroid hormone, sex steroids etc.). In recent years we have come to appreciate that bone remodeling proceeds in a specialized vascular structure,—the Bone Remodeling Compartment (BRC). The outer lining of this compartment is made up of flattened cells, displaying all the characteristics of lining cells in bone including expression of OPG and RANKL. Reduced bone turnover leads to a decrease in the number of BRCs, while increased turnover causes an increase in the number of BRCs. The secretion of regulatory factors inside a confined space separated from the bone marrow would facilitate local regulation of the remodeling process without interference from growth factors secreted by blood cells in the marrow space. The BRC also creates an environment where cells inside the structure are exposed to denuded bone, which may enable direct cellular interactions with integrins and other matrix factors known to regulate osteoclast/osteoblast activity. However, the denuded bone surface inside the BRC also constitutes an ideal environment for the seeding of bone metastases, known to have high affinity for bone matrix. Circulating osteoclast- and osteoblast precursor cells have been demonstrated in peripheral blood. The dominant pathway regulating osteoclast recruitment is the RANKL/OPG system, while many different factors (RUNX, Osterix) are involved in osteoblast differentiation. Both pathways are modulated by calcitropic hormones.
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影响因子：
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