Reactivity to alcohol cues and induced moods in alcoholics.
Reactivity to alcohol cues and induced moods in alcoholics.
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酗酒者对酒精暗示的反应和诱发的情绪。
DOI：
10.1016/0306-4603(90)90017-r
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发表时间：
1990
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Gaupp,L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Litt,MD;Cooney,NL;Kadden,RM;Gaupp,L
有理论认为，反应条件反射过程部分地构成了对酒精的渴望，从而有助于酒精中毒治疗后的再释放。这一理论的一个含义是，相关的条件反应可以通过反应消退来消除，其中酗酒患者暴露于与酒精相关的刺激，同时被阻止饮酒。然而，酒精饮料的视觉和嗅觉等外感受性线索并不总是足以引起对酒精的渴望。有鉴于此，有人提出，内感受性线索，如情绪状态，也可能在引发酒精欲望方面发挥作用。为了验证这一点，8名酗酒者被诱导在4天内体验消极或中性情绪，然后暴露在他们最喜欢的酒精饮料的视觉和气味中，以及中性刺激（苏打水），在一个受试者内设计中。这项工作的结果表明：（a）负性情绪可以在实验室中可靠地诱导，正如受试者的报告所证实的那样;（B）当受试者处于放松、中性的情绪状态时，暴露于酒精线索对酒精的欲望没有影响;（c）在一些受试者中，无论是酒精还是水，单独存在负性情绪状态似乎都足以引起酒精的欲望。这些数据表明，消极的情绪状态可能会暗示酒精的欲望，而不依赖于其他线索。这些数据还表明，对酒精线索的反应可能会大大减少放松。
It has been theorized that respondent conditioning processes in part underlie desire for alcohol and thus contribute to replase after alcoholism treatment. One implication of this theory is that the relevant conditioned responses could be eliminated by respondent extinction, in which the alcoholic patient is exposed to alcohol-related stimuli while being prevented from consuming alcohol. However, exteroceptive cues such as the sight and smell of alcoholic beverages are not always sufficient to elicit desire for alcohol. In view of this, it has been suggested that interoceptive cues, such as mood states, may also play a role in eliciting desire for alcohol. To test this, eight alcoholic subjects were induced to experience negative or neutral moods on four separate days, and then exposed to the sight and smell of their favorite alcoholic drink, and to a neutral stimulus (seltzer water), in a within-subjects design. Results from this work indicate that: (a) negative moods can be reliably induced in the laboratory as confirmed by subjects' reports; (b) exposure to alcohol cues had no effect on desire for alcohol while subjects were in a relaxed, neutral mood state; (c) the presence of negative mood states alone appeared to be sufficient to elicit desire for alcohol in some subjects, regardless of whether alcohol or water was presented. These data argue that negative mood states may cue desire for alcohol independent of other cues. The data also suggest that reactivity to alcohol cues may be substantially reduced by relaxation.
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DOI：
--
发表时间：
1987
期刊：
British Journal of Addiction
影响因子：
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作者：
J. Laberg;B. Ellertsen
通讯作者：
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DOI：
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发表时间：
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期刊：
Addictive Behaviours
影响因子：
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作者：
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DOI：
--
发表时间：
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期刊：
NIDA research monograph
影响因子：
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作者：
Childress,AR;McLellan,AT;Natale,M;O'Brien,CP
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