Macroecology and macroevolution of the latitudinal diversity gradient in ants.

Macroecology and macroevolution of the latitudinal diversity gradient in ants.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41467-018-04218-4
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发表时间:
2018-05-03
影响因子:
16.6
通讯作者:
Guénard B
Guénard B
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Economo EP;Narula N;Friedman NR;Weiser MD;Guénard B

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纬度多样性梯度--即更多物种向赤道方向分布的趋势--是地球上生命的主要模式,但其机制在很大程度上仍无法解释。最近,对全球数据的分析导致了理解的进步,但这些进步主要限于脊椎动物和树木,并没有提供共识的答案。在这里,我们综合了大规模的地理,系统发育和化石数据的一个范例无脊椎动物组蚂蚁,并调查纬度多样性梯度是否出现由于较高的净多样化率在热带地区,或由于较长的时间内积累多样性,由于地球的气候历史。我们发现,纬度的亲和力是高度保守的,温带分支是年轻的,聚集在热带分支,和多样化率没有显示出系统的变化与纬度。这些结果表明,多样化的时间,而不是速度,是蚂蚁多样性梯度的主要驱动力。对于热带和两极之间生物多样性梯度的下降提出了多种假说。在这里,作者汇编和分析了所有蚂蚁物种和大规模灭绝的地理数据,表明多样化时间驱动了蚂蚁的纬度多样性梯度。
The latitudinal diversity gradient—the tendency for more species to occur toward the equator—is the dominant pattern of life on Earth, yet the mechanisms responsible for it remain largely unexplained. Recently, the analysis of global data has led to advances in understanding, but these advances have been mostly limited to vertebrates and trees and have not provided consensus answers. Here we synthesize large-scale geographic, phylogenetic, and fossil data for an exemplar invertebrate group—ants—and investigate whether the latitudinal diversity gradient arose due to higher rates of net diversification in the tropics, or due to a longer time period to accumulate diversity due to Earth’s climatic history. We find that latitudinal affinity is highly conserved, temperate clades are young and clustered within tropical clades, and diversification rate shows no systematic variation with latitude. These results indicate that diversification time—and not rate—is the main driver of the diversity gradient in ants. Multiple hypotheses have been proposed for the declining biodiversity gradient between the tropics and poles. Here, the authors compile and analyze geographic data for all ant species and large-scale phylogenies, suggesting that diversification time drives the latitudinal diversity gradient in ants.
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