Sex determination in Drosophila: The view from the top.

Sex determination in Drosophila: The view from the top.
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DOI:
10.4161/fly.4.1.11277
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发表时间:
2010-01
期刊:
Fly
影响因子:
1.2
通讯作者:
Erickson JW
Erickson JW
中科院分区:
生物学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Salz HK;Erickson JW

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发育过程中最重要的决定之一是是男性还是女性。在果蝇中,大多数细胞的这种选择独立于它们的邻居,例如具有一条 X 染色体 (XY) 的二倍体细胞是雄性,而具有两条 X 染色体 (XX) 的二倍体细胞是雌性。 X 染色体数量通过调节蛋白传递,这些调节蛋白共同作用以激活 XX 动物的性致死 (Sxl)。由此产生的 SXL 雌性特异性 RNA 结合蛋白调节一组下游基因的表达,最终导致性别二态性结构和行为。尽管这种机制表面上很简单,但 Sxl 活性是由许多转录和转录后机制控制的,这些机制根据特定的发育情况调整其功能。这篇综述描述了我们对 Sxl 调控和功能的理解的最新进展,强调了挑战教科书上关于这种经典(经常被引用,但知之甚少)二元开关基因的一些观点的工作。
One of the most important decisions in development is whether to be male or female. In Drosophila melanogaster, most cells make this choice independent of their neighbors such that diploid cells with one X chromosome (XY) are male and those with two X chromosomes (XX) are female. X-chromosome number is relayed through regulatory proteins that act together to activate Sex-lethal (Sxl) in XX animals. The resulting SXL female specific RNA binding protein modulates the expression of a set of downstream genes, ultimately leading to sexually dimorphic structures and behaviors. Despite the apparent simplicity of this mechanism, Sxl activity is controlled by a host of transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms that tailor its function to specific developmental scenarios. This review describes recent advances in our understanding of Sxl regulation and function, highlighting work that challenges some of the textbook views about this classical (often cited, yet poorly understood) binary switch gene.
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