Alternative Methods and Their Application in Neurotoxicity Testing
Alternative Methods and Their Application in Neurotoxicity Testing
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替代方法及其在神经毒性测试中的应用
DOI:
--
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发表时间:
1991
期刊:
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
D. Ray
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
C. Atterwill;M. Simpson;R. Evans;S. L. Allen;D. Ray
It has been estimated that there are approximately 4–5 million chemical compounds in the environment, with around 50,000–60,000 in common industrial use (1). Up to 1,000 new chemicals enter commerce each year, so it is impossible for populations of living organisms, including man, to avoid exposure to chemicals in some form or another. The existence of this extensive chemical universe, plus the fact that some chemicals are highly toxic to biological systems, emphasises the need to define how chemicals can be safely incorporated into the fabric of modern societies. With regard to neurotoxicants, there is currently an increasing scientific and regulatory awareness of neurotoxicological issues as many more neurologically-important, environmental pollution problems arise; for example, problems involving exposure to lead, aluminium, tin, organic solvents and agrochemicals (2). Moreover, new, potentially centrally-active and neurotoxic xenobiotics are continually entering the development ‘pipeline’ in industry. To identify neurotoxic chemicals and then legislate their use in society, previous and current emphasis is on the use of in vivo methodology. The purpose of this review is to identify the main sources of information on existing in vitro neurotoxicity methods, to highlight some new techniques or concepts, and to indicate key reviews on invertebrate and lower vertebrate neuroscience, since, in theory, some of these simple nervous systems could be exploited for neurotoxicological testing purposes.
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DOI:
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发表时间:
1983
期刊:
Neurobehavioral toxicology and teratology
影响因子:
--
作者:
Rebert,CS
通讯作者:
Rebert,CS
DOI:
10.1016/0278-6915(86)90110-9
发表时间:
1986
期刊:
Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association
影响因子:
--
作者:
Spencer,PS;Crain,SM;Bornstein,MB;Peterson,ER;VandeWater,T
通讯作者:
VandeWater,T
影响因子:
4.6
作者:
E. Hanneman;B. Trevarrow;W. K. Metcalfe;C. Kimmel;M. Westerfield
通讯作者:
E. Hanneman;B. Trevarrow;W. K. Metcalfe;C. Kimmel;M. Westerfield
影响因子:
56.9
作者:
SPENCER, PS;NUNN, PB;ROBERTSON, RC
通讯作者:
ROBERTSON, RC
DOI:
10.1159/000115896
发表时间:
1989
期刊:
Brain, behavior and evolution
影响因子:
--
作者:
Jacqueline F. Webb
通讯作者:
Jacqueline F. Webb