What are they up to? The role of sensory evidence and prior knowledge in action understanding.
What are they up to? The role of sensory evidence and prior knowledge in action understanding.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0017133
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发表时间：
2011-02-18
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Farrer C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chambon V;Domenech P;Pacherie E;Koechlin E;Baraduc P;Farrer C
解释或预测同种生物的行为需要有能力推断其动机。这种推论被认为依赖于两类信息：(1)由运动运动学传达的感觉信息和(2)观察者的先前预期--从过去的经验中获得或从先前的知识中获得。然而，这两个信息来源各自的贡献仍存在争议。这一争议部分源于这样一个事实，即“意图”是一个总括术语，它可能包括不同的子类型，每个子类型都被分配了不同的范围和目标。我们假设，意图的范围和目标的变化可能解释了视觉运动学和先验知识对意图推理过程的贡献的差异。为了验证这一假设，我们进行了四个行为实验，要求参与者识别不同类型的意图：基本意图(即运动行为的简单目标)、高级意图(即一系列运动行为的总体目标)或社会意图(即在互惠互动的背景下完成的意图)。对于上述每一种意图，我们(1)从动作场景中获得的视觉信息量和(2)参与者对更有可能实现的意图的预先期望是不同的。首先，我们证明了有意判断依赖于视觉信息和参与者先前期望之间的一致交互作用。此外，我们还证明，这种交互作用因要推断的意图的类型而异，参与者的先验而不是知觉证据对社会意图和上级意图的推断产生了更大的影响。这些结果是通过呼吁每种类型的意图的特定属性来讨论的，并根据动作表征的分层模型进行进一步的解释。
Explaining or predicting the behaviour of our conspecifics requires the ability to infer the intentions that motivate it. Such inferences are assumed to rely on two types of information: (1) the sensory information conveyed by movement kinematics and (2) the observer's prior expectations – acquired from past experience or derived from prior knowledge. However, the respective contribution of these two sources of information is still controversial. This controversy stems in part from the fact that “intention” is an umbrella term that may embrace various sub-types each being assigned different scopes and targets. We hypothesized that variations in the scope and target of intentions may account for variations in the contribution of visual kinematics and prior knowledge to the intention inference process. To test this hypothesis, we conducted four behavioural experiments in which participants were instructed to identify different types of intention: basic intentions (i.e. simple goal of a motor act), superordinate intentions (i.e. general goal of a sequence of motor acts), or social intentions (i.e. intentions accomplished in a context of reciprocal interaction). For each of the above-mentioned intentions, we varied (1) the amount of visual information available from the action scene and (2) participant's prior expectations concerning the intention that was more likely to be accomplished. First, we showed that intentional judgments depend on a consistent interaction between visual information and participant's prior expectations. Moreover, we demonstrated that this interaction varied according to the type of intention to be inferred, with participant's priors rather than perceptual evidence exerting a greater effect on the inference of social and superordinate intentions. The results are discussed by appealing to the specific properties of each type of intention considered and further interpreted in the light of a hierarchical model of action representation.
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DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2006.2002
发表时间：
2007-04-29
影响因子：
6.3
作者：
Gallese, Vittorio
通讯作者：
Gallese, Vittorio
影响因子：
9.2
作者：
Brass, Marcel;Schmitt, Ruth M.;Gergely, Gyoergy
通讯作者：
Gergely, Gyoergy
影响因子：
1.7
作者：
Blakemore, SJ;Frith, U
通讯作者：
Frith, U
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Georgiou, Ioanna;Becchio, Cristina;Castiello, Umberto
通讯作者：
Castiello, Umberto
影响因子：
2
作者：
Andre, Jean-Baptiste;Day, Troy
通讯作者：
Day, Troy