New paradigms in materials and devices for hybrid electro-optics and optical rectification
New paradigms in materials and devices for hybrid electro-optics and optical rectification
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混合电光和光整流材料和器件的新范例
DOI：
10.1117/12.2595638
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Dalton, Larry R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Johnson, Lewis E.;Elder, Delwin L.;Xu, Huajun;Hammond, Scott W.;Benight, Stephanie J.;O'Malley, Kevin;Robinson, Bruce H.;Dalton, Larry R.
我们回顾了最近在材料设计、合成和加工以及器件工程方面的变革性进展，这些进展用于将有机材料用于与电信、传感和计算相关的混合电光（EO）和光整流（OR）技术。利用多尺度计算和理论的端到端（从分子到系统）建模方法允许预测纳米级器件架构中的新型材料的性能，包括涉及等离子体现象的那些和界面效应起主导作用的架构。EO和OR现象都需要活性分子的非中心组织。实现这种组织的现有方法是电场极化，其中发色团形状，偶极矩和构象柔性起主导作用。优化的发色团设计和极化过程的控制已经导致电光性能的创纪录进步，例如，电压长度性能< 50伏微米，带宽< 500 GHz，能效< 70阿焦/位。它们还提高了热稳定性、低插入损耗和高信号质量（BER和SFDR）。然而，在最小的纳米光子器件极化的限制，其中非凡的光场密度可以被忽略，刺激了现代高性能发色团共价耦合到有序的纳米结构的基础上的替代品的发展。共价耦合实现了更高的性能、更大的可扩展性和更高的稳定性，特别适合最新的纳米级架构。材料的最新发展也促进了一种新技术-基于光学整流的透明光电探测。OR不涉及电子激发，如传统光电二极管的情况，因此代表了一种具有大大降低的噪声基底的新型检测机制。OR已经在THz频率上占主导地位，最近的进展也将在GHz频率上实现上级性能。
We review recent transformative advances in materials design, synthesis, and processing as well as device engineering for the utilization of organic materials in hybrid electro-optic (EO) and optical rectification (OR) technologies relevant to telecommunications, sensing, and computing. End-to-end (from molecules to systems) modeling methods utilizing multi-scale computation and theory permit prediction of the performance of novel materials in nanoscale device architectures including those involving plasmonic phenomena and architectures in which interfacial effects play a dominant role. Both EO and OR phenomenon require acentric organization of constituent active molecules. The incumbent methodology for achieving such organization is electric field poling, where chromophore shape, dipole moment, and conformational flexibility play dominant roles. Optimized chromophore design and control of the poling process has already led to record-setting advances in electro-optic performance, e.g., voltage-length performance of < 50 volt-micrometer, bandwidths < 500 GHz, and energy efficiency < 70 attojoule/bit. They have also led to increased thermal stability, low insertion loss and high signal quality (BER and SFDR). However, the limits of poling in the smallest nanophotonic devices—in which extraordinary optical field densities can be achieved—has stimulated development of alternatives based on covalent coupling of modern high-performance chromophores into ordered nanostructures. Covalent coupling enables higher performance, greater scalability, and greater stability and is especially suited for the latest nanoscale architectures. Recent developments in materials also facilitate a new technology—transparent photodetection based on optical rectification. OR does not involve electronic excitation, as is the case with conventional photodiodes, and as such represents a novel detection mechanism with a greatly reduced noise floor. OR already dominates at THz frequencies and recent advances will enable superior performance at GHz frequencies as well.
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影响因子：
35.6
作者：
C. Thraskias;E. N. Lallas;N. Neumann;L. Schares;B. Offrein;R. Henker;D. Plettemeier;F. Ellinger;J. Leuthold;Ioannis Tomkos
通讯作者：
C. Thraskias;E. N. Lallas;N. Neumann;L. Schares;B. Offrein;R. Henker;D. Plettemeier;F. Ellinger;J. Leuthold;Ioannis Tomkos
影响因子：
10.4
作者：
Kieninger, Clemens;Kutuvantavida, Yasar;Koos, Christian
通讯作者：
Koos, Christian
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2004
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
M. Boom;T. Marks
通讯作者：
T. Marks
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Wang, Cheng;Zhang, Mian;Loncar, Marko
通讯作者：
Loncar, Marko
ONLO 发色团实现最佳 EO 响应：优化形状的统计力学研究
DOI：
10.1364/josab.33.00e121
发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
1.9
作者：
A. F. Tillack;B. Robinson
通讯作者：
B. Robinson