Effects of Early-Life Stress on the Brain and Behaviors: Implications of Early Maternal Separation in Rodents.

Effects of Early-Life Stress on the Brain and Behaviors: Implications of Early Maternal Separation in Rodents.
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DOI:
10.3390/ijms21197212
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发表时间:
2020-09-29
影响因子:
5.6
通讯作者:
Nishi M
Nishi M
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Nishi M

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出生前和出生后的早期生活压力会影响神经网络的形成,从而影响一生中的大脑功能。以往的研究表明,母体分离(MS)是一种典型的啮齿动物模型,相当于早期生活应激,更具体地说,相当于人类对儿童的虐待和/或忽视,可以调节下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺(HPA)轴,影响随后的神经元功能和情绪行为。然而,早期生活压力对大脑功能的长期影响的神经基础尚未阐明。在这篇综述中,我们描述了啮齿类动物HPA轴活动的变化-集中在血清皮质酮(Cort)-以及HPA轴的最终产物以及Cort受体。然后,我们通过对神经元活性的生物标志物c-Fos表达的研究,介绍了在MS的各种模式下激活的大脑区域,包括重复MS和断奶前不同阶段的MS单一暴露。此外,我们还讨论了暴露于MS的成年小鼠的行为和大脑基因表达的变化。最后,我们询问MS是否会重复发生,以及虐待和忽视儿童的代际传播是否可能。
Early-life stress during the prenatal and postnatal periods affects the formation of neural networks that influence brain function throughout life. Previous studies have indicated that maternal separation (MS), a typical rodent model equivalent to early-life stress and, more specifically, to child abuse and/or neglect in humans, can modulate the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, affecting subsequent neuronal function and emotional behavior. However, the neural basis of the long-lasting effects of early-life stress on brain function has not been clarified. In the present review, we describe the alterations in the HPA-axis activity—focusing on serum corticosterone (CORT)—and in the end products of the HPA axis as well as on the CORT receptor in rodents. We then introduce the brain regions activated during various patterns of MS, including repeated MS and single exposure to MS at various stages before weaning, via an investigation of c-Fos expression, which is a biological marker of neuronal activity. Furthermore, we discuss the alterations in behavior and gene expression in the brains of adult mice exposed to MS. Finally, we ask whether MS repeats itself and whether intergenerational transmission of child abuse and neglect is possible.
在大鼠和人类中持续的恐惧:恐惧与焦虑中的杏仁核的作用。
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发表时间: 2010-01
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