Biodiversity loss and COVID-19 pandemic: The role of bats in the origin and the spreading of the disease.
Biodiversity loss and COVID-19 pandemic: The role of bats in the origin and the spreading of the disease.
复制标题
生物多样性丧失和 COVID-19 大流行：蝙蝠在疾病起源和传播中的作用。
DOI：
10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.10.028
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发表时间：
2021-01-29
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Carafoli E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Platto S;Zhou J;Wang Y;Wang H;Carafoli E
生态系统中生物多样性的丧失创造了有利于COVID-19大流行的一般条件，事实上，这使得COVID-19大流行的爆发成为可能。很多因素都促成了这一现象：森林砍伐、森林栖息地的变化、农业用地管理不善、城市发展管理不善。它们改变了野生动物群落的组成，大大增加了人类与野生动物的接触，并改变了窝藏病原体的壁龛，增加了它们与人类接触的机会。在野生动物中，蝙蝠很容易适应人类化的环境，如房屋，谷仓，耕地，果园，在那里它们找到了合适的生态系统来繁荣。蝙蝠是αCoV和βCoV的主要宿主：进化塑造了它们独特的生理和免疫系统，使它们能够抵抗病毒病原体，而这些病原体会成功地攻击其他物种，包括人类。随着时间的推移，蝙蝠作为宿主的冠状病毒已经经历了重组和其他修饰，这些修饰增加了它们在物种间传播的能力：一个特别重要的修饰是发展了使用ACE 2作为宿主细胞受体的能力。冠状病毒的这种特殊发展是过去二十年严重疫情和目前COVID-19大流行的原因。
The loss of biodiversity in the ecosystems has created the general conditions that have favored and, in fact, made possible, the insurgence of the COVID-19 pandemic. A lot of factors have contributed to it: deforestation, changes in forest habitats, poorly regulated agricultural surfaces, mismanaged urban growth. They have altered the composition of wildlife communities, greatly increased the contacts of humans with wildlife, and altered niches that harbor pathogens, increasing their chances to come in contact with humans. Among the wildlife, bats have adapted easily to anthropized environments such as houses, barns, cultivated fields, orchards, where they found the suitable ecosystem to prosper. Bats are major hosts for αCoV and βCoV: evolution has shaped their peculiar physiology and their immune system in a way that makes them resistant to viral pathogens that would instead successfully attack other species, including humans. In time, the coronaviruses that bats host as reservoirs have undergone recombination and other modifications that have increased their ability for inter-species transmission: one modification of particular importance has been the development of the ability to use ACE2 as a receptor in host cells. This particular development in CoVs has been responsible for the serious outbreaks in the last two decades, and for the present COVID-19 pandemic.
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