Ocean acidification at high latitudes: potential effects on functioning of the Antarctic bivalve Laternula elliptica.
Ocean acidification at high latitudes: potential effects on functioning of the Antarctic bivalve Laternula elliptica.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0016069
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发表时间：
2011-01-05
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Metcalf V
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cummings V;Hewitt J;Van Rooyen A;Currie K;Beard S;Thrush S;Norkko J;Barr N;Heath P;Halliday NJ;Sedcole R;Gomez A;McGraw C;Metcalf V
海洋酸化是公认的对海洋生态系统的威胁。高纬度地区预计将受到特别影响，由于寒冷的沃茨和天然低碳酸盐饱和度水平。这对于利用碳酸钙（CaCO 3）来产生壳或骨骼的生物体来说是令人担忧的。目前，对未来pCO 2水平对高纬度钙化菌的潜在影响的研究有限，并且对其适应这些变化的潜力了解甚少。我们描述了一个实验室实验，以比较一个关键的底栖双壳类，Laternula elliptica，在其自然环境的pCO 2水平（430 µatm，pH 7.99;基于现场测量）与预测的2100（735 µatm，pH 7.78）和冰川水平（187 µatm，pH 8.32）的生理和代谢反应。成人湖在pH 7.78条件下，椭圆螺的基础代谢（耗氧率）和热休克蛋白HSP 70基因表达水平均随pH的升高和降低而升高，甲壳素合成酶（CHS）的表达显著上调，表明椭圆螺在pH 7.78条件下的基础代谢（耗氧率）和热休克蛋白HSP 70基因表达水平均随pH的升高而升高。在文石不饱和的海水中（ΩAr = 0.71），椭圆藻的壳是由CaCO 3多晶型体组成的，在这种海水中，椭圆藻的钙化作用更大。 不同的响应变量以不同的方式受到pH值的影响，突出了评估各种因素以确定pH值变化可能影响的重要性。总之，结果表明海洋酸化对L.在相对短的期限（周-月）内，椭圆形可能在能量上难以在较长的时间段内维持。然而，重要的是，观察到的L.椭圆藻CHS基因的表达为生物控制贝壳形成过程提供了证据，这可能使其能够在一定程度上适应或适应未来的海洋酸化情景。
Ocean acidification is a well recognised threat to marine ecosystems. High latitude regions are predicted to be particularly affected due to cold waters and naturally low carbonate saturation levels. This is of concern for organisms utilising calcium carbonate (CaCO3) to generate shells or skeletons. Studies of potential effects of future levels of pCO2 on high latitude calcifiers are at present limited, and there is little understanding of their potential to acclimate to these changes. We describe a laboratory experiment to compare physiological and metabolic responses of a key benthic bivalve, Laternula elliptica, at pCO2 levels of their natural environment (430 µatm, pH 7.99; based on field measurements) with those predicted for 2100 (735 µatm, pH 7.78) and glacial levels (187 µatm, pH 8.32). Adult L. elliptica basal metabolism (oxygen consumption rates) and heat shock protein HSP70 gene expression levels increased in response both to lowering and elevation of pH. Expression of chitin synthase (CHS), a key enzyme involved in synthesis of bivalve shells, was significantly up-regulated in individuals at pH 7.78, indicating L. elliptica were working harder to calcify in seawater undersaturated in aragonite (ΩAr = 0.71), the CaCO3 polymorph of which their shells are comprised. The different response variables were influenced by pH in differing ways, highlighting the importance of assessing a variety of factors to determine the likely impact of pH change. In combination, the results indicate a negative effect of ocean acidification on whole-organism functioning of L. elliptica over relatively short terms (weeks-months) that may be energetically difficult to maintain over longer time periods. Importantly, however, the observed changes in L. elliptica CHS gene expression provides evidence for biological control over the shell formation process, which may enable some degree of adaptation or acclimation to future ocean acidification scenarios.
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影响因子：
2.4
作者：
Ericson, Jessica A.;Lamare, Miles D.;Barker, Mike F.
通讯作者：
Barker, Mike F.
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Clark, Melody S.;Peck, Lloyd S.
通讯作者：
Peck, Lloyd S.
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
Feely, Richard A.;Sabine, Christopher L.;Hales, Burke
通讯作者：
Hales, Burke
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Clark, Melody S.;Fraser, Keiron P. P.;Peck, Lloyd S.
通讯作者：
Peck, Lloyd S.
DOI：
10.1016/0198-0149(87)90021-5
发表时间：
1987-10-01
期刊：
DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART A-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS
影响因子：
--
作者：
DICKSON, AG;MILLERO, FJ
通讯作者：
MILLERO, FJ