Phylogenetic diversity and spatial distribution of the microbial community associated with the Caribbean deep-water sponge Polymastia cf. corticata by 16S rRNA, aprA, and amoA gene analysis.
Phylogenetic diversity and spatial distribution of the microbial community associated with the Caribbean deep-water sponge Polymastia cf. corticata by 16S rRNA, aprA, and amoA gene analysis.
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DOI：
10.1007/s00248-007-9348-5
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发表时间：
2008-08
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Kuever, Jan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Meyer, Birte;Kuever, Jan
变性梯度凝胶电泳（DGGE）为基础的16 S rRNA，aprA和amoA基因的分析表明，一个遗传多样性和复杂的微生物群落与加勒比深水海绵Polymastia比照。corticata雷德利和丹迪，1887年。从鉴定的38种古生菌和细菌16 S rRNA基因型中，53%分支为海绵特异性的单系序列簇，这是由以前的研究确定的（主要考虑浅水海绵物种），而26%似乎是P. cf。这些细菌中有21%被确认为是通过过滤过程从宿主环境中获得的源自海水和沉积物的变形菌物种（“污染物”）。同样，aprA和amoA基因为基础的分析表明，除了假定的海绵特异性硫氧化γ-变形菌和α-变形菌和硫酸盐还原古菌的存在下，环境衍生的硫和氨氧化剂。一个海绵特异性，内共生硫循环所描述的海洋寡毛类，提出也存在于P. cf。皮质动物总的来说，这项工作的结果支持最近的研究，证明了海绵物种特异性的相关微生物群落，而宿主采集网站的speigenography只有轻微的影响的组成。在P. cf.的海绵微生物协会的特异性，甚至扩展到海绵体内的微生物的空间分布;不同的细菌种群与不同的组织切片，乳头，外部和内部皮层，和choanosome。在P.cf.内的局部分布。corticata与其（1）系统发育关系，（2）分类为海绵特异性或非特异性相关微生物，（3）在宿主海绵中的潜在生态作用。本文的在线版本（doi：10.1007/s 00248 -007-9348-5）包含补充材料，可供授权用户使用。
Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE)-based analyses of 16S rRNA, aprA, and amoA genes demonstrated that a phylogenetically diverse and complex microbial community was associated with the Caribbean deep-water sponge Polymastia cf. corticata Ridley and Dendy, 1887. From the 38 archaeal and bacterial 16S rRNA phylotypes identified, 53% branched into the sponge-specific, monophyletic sequence clusters determined by previous studies (considering predominantly shallow-water sponge species), whereas 26% appeared to be P. cf. corticata specifically associated microorganisms (“specialists”); 21% of the phylotypes were confirmed to represent seawater- and sediment-derived proteobacterial species (“contaminants”) acquired by filtration processes from the host environment. Consistently, the aprA and amoA gene-based analyses indicated the presence of environmentally derived sulfur- and ammonia-oxidizers besides putative sponge-specific sulfur-oxidizing Gammaproteobacteria and Alphaproteobacteria and a sulfate-reducing archaeon. A sponge-specific, endosymbiotic sulfur cycle as described for marine oligochaetes is proposed to be also present in P. cf. corticata. Overall, the results of this work support the recent studies that demonstrated the sponge species specificity of the associated microbial community while the biogeography of the host collection site has only a minor influence on the composition. In P. cf. corticata, the specificity of the sponge–microbe associations is even extended to the spatial distribution of the microorganisms within the sponge body; distinct bacterial populations were associated with the different tissue sections, papillae, outer and inner cortex, and choanosome. The local distribution of a phylotype within P. cf. corticata correlated with its (1) phylogenetic affiliation, (2) classification as sponge-specific or nonspecifically associated microorganism, and (3) potential ecological role in the host sponge. The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00248-007-9348-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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