Epidemiology of Macrovascular Disease and Hypertension in Diabetes Mellitus
Epidemiology of Macrovascular Disease and Hypertension in Diabetes Mellitus
复制标题
糖尿病大血管疾病和高血压的流行病学
DOI：
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发表时间：
2003
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
D. Jakovljević
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Tuomilehto;D. Rastenytė;Q. Qiao;D. Jakovljević
大血管疾病动脉粥样硬化，冠心病，脑血管疾病或中风，和周围血管疾病是糖尿病患者发病率，死亡率和严重残疾的主要原因。高血压是糖尿病患者发生大血管病变的主要原因。虽然晚期大血管并发症在1型糖尿病和2型糖尿病中都很常见，但这两种糖尿病的病因有所不同。许多研究试图回答糖尿病高血压和大血管疾病流行病学的基本问题：（1）糖尿病患者中这些疾病的发生率如何？(2)与一般人群相比，它们在糖尿病患者中更常见吗？(3)糖尿病患者中这些疾病的危险因素与普通人群中的相同吗？(4)无症状性高血糖是大血管疾病的独立危险因素吗？我们诊断糖尿病不同晚期并发症的能力各不相同。例如，我们可能能够比临床大血管疾病（通常需要75%的狭窄才能达到临床效果）更早地检测到视网膜病变和尿白蛋白排泄增加。此外，大血管疾病的发生在一般人群中显示出非常大的地理差异。这也可能反映在人群间高血压和糖尿病大血管并发症患病率的差异上。因此，糖尿病患者发生大血管疾病的风险必须始终与背景人群的风险相关。风险可以用不同的方式表示：（1）绝对风险，即糖尿病和非糖尿病受试者之间这些并发症的超额病例数或超额频率;（2）相对风险（率比），即糖尿病和非糖尿病受试者之间的频率比;（3）人群归因风险，即可归因于糖尿病的这些并发症病例的比例，因此可以通过针对糖尿病的初级和二级预防的措施来预防。
保留字：
高血压;
蛋白尿;
微量白蛋白尿;
血压;
高胰岛素血症;
胰岛素抵抗;
高血糖症;
昼夜的;
动脉粥样硬化;
冠心病;
冠心病;
死亡率;
中风;
脑血管疾病;
CVD
Macrovascular diseases—atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease or stroke, and peripheral vascular disease—are major causes of morbidity, mortality, and severe disability among diabetic persons. Hypertension is a major contributor to macrovascular disease in diabetic patients. Although late macrovascular complications are common in both type 1 diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes mellitus, a somewhat different etiology has been suggested for these two types of diabetes. A number of studies have attempted to answer the basic questions of the epidemiology of hypertension and macrovascular disease in diabetes: (1) What is the occurrence of these disorders in diabetic patients? (2) Are they more common in diabetic patients compared with the general population? (3) Are the risk factors for these disorders the same in diabetic patients as in the general population? (4) Is asymptomatic hyperglycemia an independent risk factor for macrovascular disease? Our ability to diagnose different late complications of diabetes vary. For instance, we may be able to detect retinopathy and increased urinary albumin excretion earlier than clinical macrovascular disease (for which usually 75% stenosis is needed for clinical effects). In addition, the occurrence of macrovascular disease shows a very large geographical variation in the general population. This may also be reflected in between-population variation in the prevalence of hypertension and macrovascular complications of diabetes. Therefore, the risk of macrovascular disease in diabetic patients must always be interpreted in relation to the risk in the background population. The risk can be expressed in different ways: (1) absolute risk, i.e. as the excess number of cases or excess in the frequency of these complications between diabetic and nondiabetic subjects; (2) relative risk (rate ratio), i.e. ratio of the frequency between diabetic and nondiabetic subjects; (3) population attributable risk, i.e. the proportion of cases of these complications that can be attributed to diabetes, and thereby could possibly be prevented by measures targeted to primary and secondary prevention of diabetes.
Keywords:
hypertension;
proteinuria;
microalbuminuria;
blood pressure;
hyperinsulinemia;
insulin resistance;
hyperglycemia;
diurnal;
atherosclerosis;
coronary heart disease;
CHD;
mortality;
stroke;
cerebrovascular disease;
CVD
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DOI：
10.1016/s1062-1458(01)00374-9
发表时间：
2001-05
期刊：
JAMA
影响因子：
--
作者：
P. Ridker;M. Stampfer;N. Rifai
通讯作者：
P. Ridker;M. Stampfer;N. Rifai
影响因子：
37.8
作者：
Haffner, SM;Mykkänen, L;Stern, MP
通讯作者：
Stern, MP
影响因子：
6.5
作者：
F. Karpe;S. Boquist;Rong Tang;Gene M. Bond;U. Faire;Anders Hamsten
通讯作者：
F. Karpe;S. Boquist;Rong Tang;Gene M. Bond;U. Faire;Anders Hamsten
根据斐济人群的糖尿病状况，缺血性心电图异常的患病率及其与其他危险因素的关联。
影响因子：
5.1
作者：
Tuomilehto,J;Zimmet,P;Kankaanpää,J;Wolf,E;Hunt,D;King,H;Ram,P
通讯作者：
Ram,P
影响因子：
15.9
作者：
ANDERSON, EA;HOFFMAN, RP;MARK, AL
通讯作者：
MARK, AL