Cellular Heterogeneity in Adipose Tissues.

Cellular Heterogeneity in Adipose Tissues.
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脂肪组织中的细胞异质性。

DOI:
10.1146/annurev-physiol-031620-095446
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发表时间:
2021-02-10
影响因子:
18.2
通讯作者:
Corvera S
Corvera S
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Corvera S

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不同解剖位置的脂肪组织库介导代谢的关键方面,包括能量储存、营养释放和产热。虽然脂肪细胞占脂肪组织体积的90%以上,但它们占其细胞含量的不到50%。在这里,我回顾了遗传谱系追踪和转录组学的最新进展,揭示了构成小鼠和人类脂肪组织的异质细胞群的身份。除了成熟的脂肪细胞及其祖细胞外,还包括内皮细胞和各种免疫细胞类型,它们共同协调脂肪组织的发育和功能。一个突出的发现是祖细胞亚型的鉴定,可以通过旁分泌机制调节成脂能力。另一个是描述单核细胞/巨噬细胞的命运轨迹,其可以对营养和产热刺激作出不适应性反应,导致代谢疾病。这些研究产生了一个非凡的公开数据来源,可以用来探索实验模型之间的共性和差异,为脂肪组织及其在代谢疾病中的作用提供新的见解。
Adipose tissue depots in distinct anatomical locations mediate key aspects of metabolism, including energy storage, nutrient release, and thermogenesis. Although adipocytes make up more than 90% of adipose tissue volume, they represent less than 50% of its cellular content. Here, I review recent advances in genetic lineage tracing and transcriptomics that reveal the identities of the heterogeneous cell populations constituting mouse and human adipose tissues. In addition to mature adipocytes and their progenitors, these include endothelial and various immune cell types that together orchestrate adipose tissue development and functions. One salient finding is the identification of progenitor subtypes that can modulate adipogenic capacity through paracrine mechanisms. Another is the description of fate trajectories of monocyte/macrophages, which can respond maladaptively to nutritional and thermogenic stimuli, leading to metabolic disease. These studies have generated an extraordinary source of publicly available data that can be leveraged to explore commonalities and differences among experimental models, providing new insights into adipose tissues and their role in metabolic disease.
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