Genetic signatures of microbial altruism and cheating in social amoebas in the wild

Genetic signatures of microbial altruism and cheating in social amoebas in the wild
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野生社会阿米巴原虫微生物利他主义和作弊的遗传特征

DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1720324115
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发表时间:
2018
期刊:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Queller, David C.
Queller, David C.
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Noh, Suegene;Geist, Katherine S.;Tian, Xiangjun;Strassmann, Joan E.;Queller, David C.

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许多微生物参与社会互动。其中一些动物在合作与冲突的研究中发挥了重要作用,主要是因为与大多数动物不同,它们可以通过基因操纵和实验进化。然而,虽然动物的社会行为可以在自然环境中观察和评估,但微生物通常不能,因此我们对自然界中微生物的社会适应知之甚少。这导致了一些难以解决的关于社会适应的争议,即使是对细菌群体感应、铁载体产生和生物膜等已经得到充分研究的特性也是如此。在这里,我们利用群体遗传学和分子进化的分子特征来解决社会变形虫中存在利他主义和欺骗的争议。首先,我们发现了快速适应性分子进化的特征,这些特征与社会冲突是自然界的重要力量相一致。其次,我们发现了净化选择的群体遗传特征,以支持形成不育柄的细胞主要通过利他的亲缘选择而不是通过自私的直接繁殖进化的假设。我们的研究结果显示了分子特征如何能够提供在自然环境中无法观察到的社会适应的见解,并且它们支持了野生社会变形虫既是利他主义者又是骗子的假设。
Many microbes engage in social interactions. Some of these have come to play an important role in the study of cooperation and conflict, largely because, unlike most animals, they can be genetically manipulated and experimentally evolved. However, whereas animal social behavior can be observed and assessed in natural environments, microbes usually cannot, so we know little about microbial social adaptations in nature. This has led to some difficult-to-resolve controversies about social adaptation even for well-studied traits such as bacterial quorum sensing, siderophore production, and biofilms. Here we use molecular signatures of population genetics and molecular evolution to address controversies over the existence of altruism and cheating in social amoebas. First, we find signatures of rapid adaptive molecular evolution that are consistent with social conflict being a significant force in nature. Second, we find population-genetic signatures of purifying selection to support the hypothesis that the cells that form the sterile stalk evolve primarily through altruistic kin selection rather than through selfish direct reproduction. Our results show how molecular signatures can provide insight into social adaptations that cannot be observed in their natural context, and they support the hypotheses that social amoebas in the wild are both altruists and cheaters.
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