What do blind people "see" with retinal prostheses? Observations and qualitative reports of epiretinal implant users.
What do blind people "see" with retinal prostheses? Observations and qualitative reports of epiretinal implant users.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0229189
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Korzybska H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Erickson-Davis C;Korzybska H
视网膜植入物现在已经被批准并在某些临床人群中投入商业使用超过5年，已有数百人被植入，其中数十人在研究试验中受到密切关注。然而，尽管有这些数字，但几乎没有数据可以帮助我们回答有关人工视觉的性质和结果的基本问题：当设备首次打开时，受试者会看到什么，随着时间的推移，这种情况会发生怎样的变化？在法国和英国的两个地点进行了半结构化的采访和观察，16名接受者接受了Argus II或IRIS II设备。在植入接受者接受和学习使用该设备的过程中，收集了不同时间点的数据，包括初始评估、植入、初始激活和系统安装、再教育以及最后的后教育。这些数据得到了与临床地点的视力康复专家和设备制造商(Second Sight和Pixium Vision)的临床研究人员进行的访谈数据的补充。使用解释性现象学分析(IPA)指导的方法对观察和访谈数据进行转录、编码和分析。植入者将其视网膜前植入物产生的感知体验描述为与自然视觉在根本上、性质上不同。所有受试者都使用电刺激的术语来描述他们感知的外观，但用于描述感知的特征在不同受试者之间存在显著差异。对于这些受试者来说，人工视觉是一种非常具体的、学习到的技能，它结合了特定的身体技能、联想学习和演绎推理，以建立一个“闪光词汇”--一个独特的知觉词汇，然后他们用它来分解、重组和解释他们周围的环境。感知并没有随着时间的推移而改变；相反，接受者变得更善于使用认知技术来解释他们收到的信号。使用该设备的过程从未停止过认知疲劳，而且对接受者来说也不是没有风险或成本。作为交换，接受者通过参与获得希望和目标，以及一种新的感官信号，这种信号可能在日常生活中没有实际或功能上的用途，但对一些人来说，提供了一种接受者为个性化活动量身定做的“沉思知觉”。关注植入物接受者关于人工视觉体验的定性报告提供了现有临床结果衡量标准没有捕捉到的有价值的信息。
Retinal implants have now been approved and commercially available for certain clinical populations for over 5 years, with hundreds of individuals implanted, scores of them closely followed in research trials. Despite these numbers, however, few data are available that would help us answer basic questions regarding the nature and outcomes of artificial vision: what do recipients see when the device is turned on for the first time, and how does that change over time? Semi-structured interviews and observations were undertaken at two sites in France and the UK with 16 recipients who had received either the Argus II or IRIS II devices. Data were collected at various time points in the process that implant recipients went through in receiving and learning to use the device, including initial evaluation, implantation, initial activation and systems fitting, re-education and finally post-education. These data were supplemented with data from interviews conducted with vision rehabilitation specialists at the clinical sites and clinical researchers at the device manufacturers (Second Sight and Pixium Vision). Observational and interview data were transcribed, coded and analyzed using an approach guided by Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Implant recipients described the perceptual experience produced by their epiretinal implants as fundamentally, qualitatively different than natural vision. All used terms that invoked electrical stimuli to describe the appearance of their percepts, yet the characteristics used to describe the percepts varied significantly between recipients. Artificial vision for these recipients was a highly specific, learned skill-set that combined particular bodily techniques, associative learning and deductive reasoning in order to build a “lexicon of flashes”—a distinct perceptual vocabulary that they then used to decompose, recompose and interpret their surroundings. The percept did not transform over time; rather, the recipient became better at interpreting the signals they received, using cognitive techniques. The process of using the device never ceased to be cognitively fatiguing, and did not come without risk or cost to the recipient. In exchange, recipients received hope and purpose through participation, as well as a new kind of sensory signal that may not have afforded practical or functional use in daily life but, for some, provided a kind of “contemplative perception” that recipients tailored to individualized activities. Attending to the qualitative reports of implant recipients regarding the experience of artificial vision provides valuable information not captured by extant clinical outcome measures.
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影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Bach, Michael;Wilke, Michaela;Wilke, Robert
通讯作者：
Wilke, Robert
DOI：
10.1136/bjo.2010.179622
发表时间：
2011-04
期刊：
The British journal of ophthalmology
影响因子：
--
作者：
Ahuja AK;Dorn JD;Caspi A;McMahon MJ;Dagnelie G;Dacruz L;Stanga P;Humayun MS;Greenberg RJ;Argus II Study Group
通讯作者：
Argus II Study Group
DOI：
10.1136/bjophthalmol-2012-301525
发表时间：
2013-05
期刊：
The British journal of ophthalmology
影响因子：
--
作者：
da Cruz L;Coley BF;Dorn J;Merlini F;Filley E;Christopher P;Chen FK;Wuyyuru V;Sahel J;Stanga P;Humayun M;Greenberg RJ;Dagnelie G;Argus II Study Group
通讯作者：
Argus II Study Group
影响因子：
13.7
作者：
da Cruz, Lyndon;Dorn, Jessy D.;Humayun, Mark S.;Dagnelie, Gislin;Handa, James;Barale, Pierre-Olivier;Sahel, Jose-Alain;Stanga, Paulo E.;Hafezi, Farhad;Safran, Avinoam B.;Salzmann, Joel;Santos, Arturo;Birch, David;Spencer, Rand;Cideciyan, Artur V.;de Juan, Eugene;Duncan, Jacque L.;Eliott, Dean;Fawzi, Amani;de Koo, Lisa C. Olmos;Ho, Allen C.;Brown, Gary;Haller, Julia;Regillo, Carl;Del Priore, Lucian V.;Arditi, Aries;Greenberg, Robert J.
通讯作者：
Greenberg, Robert J.
影响因子：
5.5
作者：
BRINDLEY, GS;LEWIN, WS
通讯作者：
LEWIN, WS