Insulin-like growth factors in embryonic and fetal growth and skeletal development (Review).
Insulin-like growth factors in embryonic and fetal growth and skeletal development (Review).
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DOI：
10.3892/mmr.2014.2258
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发表时间：
2014-08
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Konstantinidou AE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Agrogiannis GD;Sifakis S;Patsouris ES;Konstantinidou AE
胰岛素样生长因子（IGF）-I和-II在胎儿生长和发育中起主要作用。IGF参与体外培养胎儿细胞的增殖、分化和凋亡，血清IGF浓度与胎儿生长和身长密切相关。IGF转录本和肽已被检测到几乎每一个胎儿组织从早期的发展作为植入前到最后的成熟阶段。此外，IGFs已被证明参与肢体形态发生。然而，尽管小鼠Igf基因的消融导致生长迟缓和骨骼成熟延迟，但未观察到对胚胎肢体的生长和图案的影响。此外，人类Igf 1和Igf 1 r基因的各种分子缺陷与严重的宫内生长迟缓和骨骼成熟受损相关，但与肢体截短或严重骨骼发育不良无关。关于骨形态发生的体外和体内观察之间的矛盾数据表明，IGFs可能不是唯一的营养因子参与胎儿骨骼生长和多余的机制可能存在于软骨和成骨。为了阐明IGFs在骨骼发育中的功能，需要进一步的研究。
The insulin-like growth factors (IGF)-I and -II have a predominant role in fetal growth and development. IGFs are involved in the proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of fetal cells in vitro and the IGF serum concentration has been shown to be closely correlated with fetal growth and length. IGF transcripts and peptides have been detected in almost every fetal tissue from as early in development as pre-implantation to the final maturation stage. Furthermore, IGFs have been demonstrated to be involved in limb morphogenesis. However, although ablation of Igf genes in mice resulted in growth retardation and delay in skeletal maturation, no impact on outgrowth and patterning of embryonic limbs was observed. Additionally, various molecular defects in the Igf1 and Igf1r genes in humans have been associated with severe intrauterine growth retardation and impaired skeletal maturation, but not with truncated limbs or severe skeletal dysplasia. The conflicting data between in vitro and in vivo observations with regard to bone morphogenesis suggests that IGFs may not be the sole trophic factors involved in fetal skeletal growth and that redundant mechanisms may exist in chondro- and osteogenesis. Further investigation is required in order to elucidate the functions of IGFs in skeletal development.
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影响因子：
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