The origin of the ADAR gene family and animal RNA editing.
The origin of the ADAR gene family and animal RNA editing.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1186/s12862-015-0279-3
复制
发表时间：
2015-01-29
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Degnan BM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Grice LF;Degnan BM
阿达尔（腺苷脱氨酶作用于RNA）蛋白质将双链RNA中的腺苷转化为肌苷，并且已经显示在许多双侧性动物（特别是哺乳动物和蝇）中增加基因产物多样性。这个酶家族似乎是从ADAT（作用于tRNA的腺苷脱氨酶）祖先进化而来的，通过添加双链RNA结合结构域。现代脊椎动物阿达尔家族由ADAD、ADAR 2和ADAR 1组成，其中每一个都具有保守的结构域结构。为了重建这个蛋白质家族的起源，我们确定和分类阿达尔家族成员编码的基因组和/或转录组的早期分支后生动物和密切相关的非后生动物类群，包括13海绵和10栉水母物种。我们表明，阿达尔蛋白家族是后生动物的创新，与三个阿达尔亚型存在于最早的动物谱系的代表-海绵和栉水母-但不是在其他密切相关的choanoflagellate和filasterean holozoans。ADAR 1在所有调查的栉水母基因组和转录组中缺失。根据海绵和栉水母与后生动物其余部分的关系，这与ADAR 1在栉水母中丢失是一致的，因为它在多个后生动物谱系中已经丢失，或者是在栉水母从动物王国的其余部分分化后进化的创新。一些海绵ADAR中存在Z-DNA结合结构域，表明祖先阿达尔包括该结构域，并且它已在多种动物谱系中丢失。阿达尔家族似乎是后生动物的一个创新，所有家族成员都在冠后生动物最早的系统分支中。海绵和栉水母中ADAR的存在与A-to-I编辑是一种转录后调节机制相一致，该机制被所有现存动物的最后共同祖先所使用，随后被保存在大多数现代谱系中。本文的在线版本（doi：10.1186/s12862-015-0279-3）包含补充材料，可供授权用户使用。
ADAR (adenosine deaminase acting on RNA) proteins convert adenosine into inosine in double-stranded RNAs and have been shown to increase gene product diversity in a number of bilaterians, particularly mammals and flies. This enzyme family appears to have evolved from an ADAT (adenosine deaminase acting on tRNA) ancestor, via the addition of a double-stranded RNA binding domain. The modern vertebrate ADAR family is comprised of ADAD, ADAR2 and ADAR1, each of which has a conserved domain architecture. To reconstruct the origin of this protein family, we identified and categorised ADAR family members encoded in the genomes and/or transcriptomes of early-branching metazoan and closely related non-metazoan taxa, including thirteen sponge and ten ctenophore species. We demonstrate that the ADAR protein family is a metazoan innovation, with the three ADAR subtypes being present in representatives of the earliest phyletic lineages of animals – sponges and ctenophores – but not in other closely related choanoflagellate and filasterean holozoans. ADAR1 is missing from all ctenophore genomes and transcriptomes surveyed. Depending on the relationship of sponges and ctenophores to the rest of the Metazoa, this is consistent with either ADAR1 being lost in ctenophores, as it has been in multiple metazoan lineages, or being an innovation that evolved after ctenophores diverged from the rest of the animal kingdom. The presence of Z-DNA binding domains in some sponge ADARs indicates an ancestral ADAR included this domain and it has been lost in multiple animal lineages. The ADAR family appears to be a metazoan innovation, with all family members in place in the earliest phyletic branches of the crown Metazoa. The presence of ADARs in sponges and ctenophores is consistent with A-to-I editing being a post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism that was used by the last common ancestor to all living animals and subsequently has been preserved in most modern lineages. The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-015-0279-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
14.9
作者：
Ng SK;Weissbach R;Ronson GE;Scadden AD
通讯作者：
Scadden AD
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
Melcher, T;Maas, S;Seeburg, PH
通讯作者：
Seeburg, PH
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Rueter, SM;Dawson, TR;Emeson, RB
通讯作者：
Emeson, RB
影响因子：
14.9
作者：
Keegan LP;McGurk L;Palavicini JP;Brindle J;Paro S;Li X;Rosenthal JJ;O'Connell MA
通讯作者：
O'Connell MA
影响因子：
16.6
作者：
Nishikura K
通讯作者：
Nishikura K