Boys live dangerously in the womb.
Boys live dangerously in the womb.
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DOI：
10.1002/ajhb.20995
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发表时间：
2010-05
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Barker, David J. P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Eriksson, Johan G.;Kajantie, Eero;Osmond, Clive;Thornburg, Kent;Barker, David J. P.
每个人类胎儿的生长都受到母亲和胎盘向其输送营养的有限能力的限制。出生时，在任何胎盘重量下，男孩往往比女孩长。因此，男孩的胎盘可能比女孩更有效率，但储备能力可能较小。在子宫中，男孩比女孩发育得更快，因此营养不良的风险更大。胎儿营养不良会导致出生时体型较小，并在以后的生活中导致包括高血压在内的心血管疾病。我们研究了2003名出生在芬兰赫尔辛基的62岁左右的男性和女性，其中644人患有高血压：我们检查了他们出生时的身体和胎盘大小。在男女中，高血压与低出生体重有关。在男性中，高血压也与胎盘表面的细长直径有关。男孩危险的成长策略可能会因妊娠晚期代偿性胎盘增大的成本而变得更加复杂。在女性中，高血压与较小的胎盘区有关，这可能会减少对胎儿的营养供应。在男性中，高血压与母亲的社会经济地位有关，这是他们饮食的一个指标；而在女性中，高血压与母亲的身高有关，而身高是她们蛋白质代谢的指标。男孩更多地依赖母亲的饮食可能使他们能够利用不断改善的食物供应，但这使他们容易受到食物短缺的影响。他们危险策略的最终表现可能是男性比女性血压更高，寿命更短。
The growth of every human fetus is constrained by the limited capacity of the mother and placenta to deliver nutrients to it. At birth, boys tend to be longer than girls at any placental weight. Boy’s placentas may therefore be more efficient than girls, but may have less reserve capacity. In the womb boys grow faster than girls and are therefore at greater risk of becoming undernourished. Fetal undernutrition leads to small size at birth and cardiovascular disorders, including hypertension, in later life. We studied 2003 men and women aged around 62 years who were born in Helsinki, Finland, of whom 644 had hypertension: we examined their body and placental size at birth. In both sexes, hypertension was associated with low birth weight. In men, hypertension was also associated with a long minor diameter of the placental surface. The dangerous growth strategy of boys may be compounded by the costs of compensatory placental enlargement in late gestation. In women, hypertension was associated with a small placental area, which may reduce nutrient delivery to the fetus. In men, hypertension was linked to the mothers’ socioeconomic status, an indicator of their diets: in women it was linked to the mothers’ heights, an indicator of their protein metabolism. Boys’ greater dependence on their mothers’ diets may enable them to capitalize on an improving food supply, but it makes them vulnerable to food shortages. The ultimate manifestation of their dangerous strategies may be that men have higher blood pressures and shorter lives than women.
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影响因子：
--
作者：
Forsén, T;Eriksson, JG;Barker, DJP
通讯作者：
Barker, DJP
影响因子：
2
作者：
MCCRABB, GJ;EGAN, AR;HOSKING, BJ
通讯作者：
HOSKING, BJ
影响因子：
158.5
作者：
Barker, DJP;Osmond, C;Eriksson, JG
通讯作者：
Eriksson, JG
影响因子：
5.5
作者：
Ozaki, T;Nishina, H;Poston, L
通讯作者：
Poston, L
DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.1424-08.2008
发表时间：
2008-09-03
期刊：
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience
影响因子：
--
作者：
Mueller BR;Bale TL
通讯作者：
Bale TL