Corridors of migrating neurons in the human brain and their decline during infancy.

Corridors of migrating neurons in the human brain and their decline during infancy.
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DOI:
10.1038/nature10487
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发表时间:
2011-09-28
期刊:
影响因子:
64.8
通讯作者:
Alvarez-Buylla, Arturo
Alvarez-Buylla, Arturo
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Sanai, Nader;Thuhien Nguyen;Ihrie, Rebecca A.;Mirzadeh, Zaman;Tsai, Hui-Hsin;Wong, Michael;Gupta, Nalin;Berger, Mitchel S.;Huang, Eric;Garcia-Verdugo, Jose-Manuel;Rowitch, David H.;Alvarez-Buylla, Arturo

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许多成年非人类哺乳动物的脑室下区(SVZ)产生了大量的新神经元,这些神经元将用于嗅球(OB)。沿着侧脑室的壁,未成熟的神经元后代以切线方向的链迁移,该链合并成连接SVZ和OB的吻侧迁移流(RMS)。相反,成年人SVZ含有一个将室管膜衬里与星形胶质细胞的室周带分开的细胞间隙层。这些SVZ星形胶质细胞中的一些可以在体外发挥神经干细胞的功能,但它们在体内的功能仍然存在争议。最初的报告发现,在成年人的RMS中,很少有SVZ增殖细胞和罕见的迁移性未成熟神经元。相反,随后的研究表明,在人类SVZ和RMS中有稳健的增殖和迁移。在这里,我们发现,婴儿人类SVZ和RMS包含一个广泛的走廊迁移未成熟的神经元在18个月的年龄,但是,与以前的报告相反,这种germinant活动消退在年龄较大的儿童,并在成年期几乎灭绝。令人惊讶的是,在这个有限的神经发生窗口期间,并非所有人类SVZ中的新神经元都注定要进入OB -我们描述了一个主要的迁移途径,该途径靶向人类的前额叶皮层。总之,这些发现揭示了人类出生后早期SVZ和皮质中切线迁移的未成熟神经元的强大流。这些通路代表了影响新生儿的神经损伤的潜在靶点。
The subventricular zone (SVZ) of many adult non-human mammals generates large numbers of new neurons destined for the olfactory bulb (OB). Along the walls of the lateral ventricles, immature neuronal progeny migrate in tangentially-oriented chains that coalesce into a rostral migratory stream (RMS) connecting the SVZ to the OB. The adult human SVZ, in contrast, contains a hypocellular gap layer separating the ependymal lining from a periventricular ribbon of astrocytes. Some of these SVZ astrocytes can function as neural stem cells in vitro, but their function in vivo remains controversial. An initial report finds few SVZ proliferating cells and rare migrating immature neurons in the RMS of adult humans. In contrast, a subsequent study indicates robust proliferation and migration in the human SVZ and RMS. Here, we find that the infant human SVZ and RMS contain an extensive corridor of migrating immature neurons before 18 months of age, but, contrary to previous reports, this germinal activity subsides in older children and is nearly extinct by adulthood. Surprisingly, during this limited window of neurogenesis, not all new neurons in the human SVZ are destined for the OB – we describe a major migratory pathway that targets the prefrontal cortex in humans. Together, these findings reveal robust streams of tangentially migrating immature neurons in human early postnatal SVZ and cortex. These pathways represent potential targets of neurological injuries affecting neonates.
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