Conserved CO-FT regulons contribute to the photoperiod flowering control in soybean.
Conserved CO-FT regulons contribute to the photoperiod flowering control in soybean.
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保守的CO-FT调节子有助于大豆光周期开花控制
DOI：
10.1186/1471-2229-14-9
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发表时间：
2014-01-07
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Fu YF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fan C;Hu R;Zhang X;Wang X;Zhang W;Zhang Q;Ma J;Fu YF
CO 和 FT 直系同源物分别属于 BBX 和 PEBP 家族，在植物开花时间的光周期调节中具有重要且保守的作用。大豆基因组经历了至少三轮全基因组复制（WGD），导致约 75% 的基因产生多个拷贝。随后的亚功能化是旁系同源基因对在进化过程中的主要命运。系统发育关系表明，CO 直向同源物在植物界广泛存在，而 FT 直向同源物仅存在于被子植物中。在大豆基因组中获得28个CO同源基因和24个FT同源基因。基于共线关系，大豆祖先CO直系同源物经历了3次WGD事件，但只有两个旁系同源基因对（GmCOL1/2和GmCOL5/13）在现代大豆中存活下来。旁系同源基因对 GmCOL1/2 或 GmCOL5/13 在成对中表现出相似的表达模式，但在成对之间表现出不同的表达模式，表明它们在功能上存在分歧。在全基因组三倍体（WGT）事件之前，GmFTL1至7源自同一祖先，在豆科植物WGD事件之后，祖先分化成两个分支，GmFTL3/5/7和GmFTL1/2/4/6。与其他 FT 谱系基因相比，GmFTL7 在 N 末端被截短，但普遍表达。 GmFTL1-6在开花期叶片中的表达量高于苗期叶片中的表达量。 GmFTL3在苗期除根外的所有组织中表达量最高，且其昼夜节律模式与其他5种不同。 GmFTL6 的转录本在幼苗根部高度积累。 GmCOL5/13和GmFT1/2/4/5/6的昼夜节律在一天内同步，表明大豆叶片中CO-FT调节子的复杂关系。 GmCOL2 的过度表达并不能挽救拟南芥共突变体的开花表型。然而，GmCOL5 的异位表达确实挽救了共突变表型。所有 GmFTL1 至 6 在拟南芥中均显示出促花活性。在大豆中进行最近三轮全基因组复制后，CO-FT 调节子的旁系同源基因通过表达差异表现出亚功能化。然后，只有GmCOL5/13保持促花活性，而GmFTL1至6则有助于开花控制。此外，GmCOL5/13 和 GmFT1/2/3/4/5/6 显示出相似的昼夜节律表达谱。因此，我们的结果表明，GmCOL5/13和GmFT1/2/3/4/5/6在大豆开花时间的光周期调节中形成了复杂的CO-FT调节子。
CO and FT orthologs, belonging to the BBX and PEBP family, respectively, have important and conserved roles in the photoperiod regulation of flowering time in plants. Soybean genome experienced at least three rounds of whole genome duplications (WGDs), which resulted in multiple copies of about 75% of genes. Subsequent subfunctionalization is the main fate for paralogous gene pairs during the evolutionary process. The phylogenic relationships revealed that CO orthologs were widespread in the plant kingdom while FT orthologs were present only in angiosperms. Twenty-eight CO homologous genes and twenty-four FT homologous genes were gained in the soybean genome. Based on the collinear relationship, the soybean ancestral CO ortholog experienced three WGD events, but only two paralogous gene pairs (GmCOL1/2 and GmCOL5/13) survived in the modern soybean. The paralogous gene pairs, GmCOL1/2 or GmCOL5/13, showed similar expression patterns in pair but different between pairs, indicating that they functionally diverged. GmFTL1 to 7 were derived from the same ancestor prior to the whole genome triplication (WGT) event, and after the Legume WGD event the ancestor diverged into two branches, GmFTL3/5/7 and GmFTL1/2/4/6. GmFTL7 were truncated in the N-terminus compared to other FT-lineage genes, but ubiquitously expressed. Expressions of GmFTL1 to 6 were higher in leaves at the flowering stage than that at the seedling stage. GmFTL3 was expressed at the highest level in all tissues except roots at the seedling stage, and its circadian pattern was different from the other five ones. The transcript of GmFTL6 was highly accumulated in seedling roots. The circadian rhythms of GmCOL5/13 and GmFT1/2/4/5/6 were synchronized in a day, demonstrating the complicate relationship of CO-FT regulons in soybean leaves. Over-expression of GmCOL2 did not rescue the flowering phenotype of the Arabidopsis co mutant. However, ectopic expression of GmCOL5 did rescue the co mutant phenotype. All GmFTL1 to 6 showed flower-promoting activities in Arabidopsis. After three recent rounds of whole genome duplications in the soybean, the paralogous genes of CO-FT regulons showed subfunctionalization through expression divergence. Then, only GmCOL5/13 kept flowering-promoting activities, while GmFTL1 to 6 contributed to flowering control. Additionally, GmCOL5/13 and GmFT1/2/3/4/5/6 showed similar circadian expression profiles. Therefore, our results suggested that GmCOL5/13 and GmFT1/2/3/4/5/6 formed the complicate CO-FT regulons in the photoperiod regulation of flowering time in soybean.
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