Bonobos respond prosocially toward members of other groups.
Bonobos respond prosocially toward members of other groups.
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DOI：
10.1038/s41598-017-15320-w
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发表时间：
2017-11-07
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Hare B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tan J;Ariely D;Hare B
现代人类生活在一个“爆炸”的网络中，由于对不熟悉的人的亲社会性（即仇外心理）而形成了异常大的信任圈。在一组实验中，我们证明，半自由范围倭黑猩猩（潘paniscus）-青少年和年轻的成年人-也表现出自发的反应与xenophilia。倭黑猩猩自愿帮助一个不熟悉的非群体成员获得食物，即使他/她没有公开请求帮助。倭黑猩猩也有证据表明，当看到陌生人打哈欠的视频时，它们会不自觉地、传染性地打哈欠。这些实验表明，倭黑猩猩的排外行为可以是无私的、主动的和自动的。他们支持第一印象假说，即只要建立新纽带的收益大于成本，社会物种就可以通过个体选择进化出嗜异性。随着群体间攻击的风险消失，以及移民成员之间的联系的好处增加，倭黑猩猩很可能进化出了嗜异癖。我们的研究结果也意味着人类的嗜异性潜力要么是进化上共享的，要么是与倭黑猩猩趋同的，而不是像以前提出的那样是我们物种所独有的。
Modern humans live in an “exploded” network with unusually large circles of trust that form due to prosociality toward unfamiliar people (i.e. xenophilia). In a set of experiments we demonstrate that semi-free ranging bonobos (Pan paniscus) – both juveniles and young adults – also show spontaneous responses consistent with xenophilia. Bonobos voluntarily aided an unfamiliar, non-group member in obtaining food even when he/she did not make overt requests for help. Bonobos also showed evidence for involuntary, contagious yawning in response to videos of yawning conspecifics who were complete strangers. These experiments reveal that xenophilia in bonobos can be unselfish, proactive and automatic. They support the first impression hypothesis that suggests xenophilia can evolve through individual selection in social species whenever the benefits of building new bonds outweigh the costs. Xenophilia likely evolved in bonobos as the risk of intergroup aggression dissipated and the benefits of bonding between immigrating members increased. Our findings also mean the human potential for xenophilia is either evolutionarily shared or convergent with bonobos and not unique to our species as previously proposed.
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影响因子：
16.6
作者：
Burkart, J. M.;Allon, O.;van Schaik, C. P.
通讯作者：
van Schaik, C. P.
影响因子：
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作者：
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
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DOI：
10.1098/rsbl.2004.0224
发表时间：
2004-12-07
影响因子：
4.7
作者：
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通讯作者：
Matsuzawa, T
影响因子：
29.3
作者：
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通讯作者：
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