Sequencing and comparative genome analysis of two pathogenic Streptococcus gallolyticus subspecies: genome plasticity, adaptation and virulence.
Sequencing and comparative genome analysis of two pathogenic Streptococcus gallolyticus subspecies: genome plasticity, adaptation and virulence.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0020519
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Hsu MT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lin IH;Liu TT;Teng YT;Wu HL;Liu YM;Wu KM;Chang CH;Hsu MT
人类的溶血性链球菌感染通常与菌血症、感染性心内膜炎和结肠癌有关。根据引起感染的鸡溶血性链球菌亚种的不同，疾病的表现也不同。在这里，我们介绍了鸡溶血性链球菌ATCC 43143(生物型I型)和巴氏杆菌ATCC 43144(生物型II.2)的完整基因组。用比较基因组学方法分析了两个生物型之间的基因组差异。ATCC 43143和ATCC 43144的染色体全长分别为2，36和2，10Mb，分别编码2246和1869个CDS。这两个基因组的结构和基因组内容与最近发表的鸡溶链霉菌UCN34最为相似，其中2073个(92%)和1607个(86%)的ATCC 43143和ATCC 43144 CDS分别在UCN34中保守。在所有的链球菌基因组中，大约有600个CDS保守，这表明链球菌属的核心基因组很小(约占CDS总数的30%)，并且具有很强的进化可塑性。我们在ATCC 43143和ATCC 43144中分别确定了8个和5个基因组可塑性区域。在这些区域内，有几种蛋白质被认为对这两个亚种的适合性和致病力有贡献。我们还预测了可能的细胞表面相关蛋白，这些蛋白可能在与宿主组织的黏附中发挥作用，导致持续感染导致人类的亚急性和慢性疾病。这项研究表明，鸡溶血性葡萄球菌仍然拥有适合瘤胃环境的基因，而巴氏杆菌在瘤胃中生活的能力降低。这两种生物型之间的基因组异质性和遗传多样性，特别是膜蛋白和脂蛋白，很可能是导致这两种溶血性链球菌的致病机制以及感染患者最终发展成的疾病类型不同的原因。
Streptococcus gallolyticus infections in humans are often associated with bacteremia, infective endocarditis and colon cancers. The disease manifestations are different depending on the subspecies of S. gallolyticus causing the infection. Here, we present the complete genomes of S. gallolyticus ATCC 43143 (biotype I) and S. pasteurianus ATCC 43144 (biotype II.2). The genomic differences between the two biotypes were characterized with comparative genomic analyses. The chromosome of ATCC 43143 and ATCC 43144 are 2,36 and 2,10 Mb in length and encode 2246 and 1869 CDS respectively. The organization and genomic contents of both genomes were most similar to the recently published S. gallolyticus UCN34, where 2073 (92%) and 1607 (86%) of the ATCC 43143 and ATCC 43144 CDS were conserved in UCN34 respectively. There are around 600 CDS conserved in all Streptococcus genomes, indicating the Streptococcus genus has a small core-genome (constitute around 30% of total CDS) and substantial evolutionary plasticity. We identified eight and five regions of genome plasticity in ATCC 43143 and ATCC 43144 respectively. Within these regions, several proteins were recognized to contribute to the fitness and virulence of each of the two subspecies. We have also predicted putative cell-surface associated proteins that could play a role in adherence to host tissues, leading to persistent infections causing sub-acute and chronic diseases in humans. This study showed evidence that the S. gallolyticus still possesses genes making it suitable in a rumen environment, whereas the ability for S. pasteurianus to live in rumen is reduced. The genome heterogeneity and genetic diversity among the two biotypes, especially membrane and lipoproteins, most likely contribute to the differences in the pathogenesis of the two S. gallolyticus biotypes and the type of disease an infected patient eventually develops.
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