Rhamnolipids: diversity of structures, microbial origins and roles.
Rhamnolipids: diversity of structures, microbial origins and roles.
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DOI：
10.1007/s00253-010-2498-2
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发表时间：
2010-05
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Deziel, Eric
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Abdel-Mawgoud, Ahmad Mohammad;Lepine, Francois;Deziel, Eric
鼠李糖脂是由多种细菌产生的糖脂生物表面活性剂。它们最初被发现为机会致病菌铜绿假单胞菌的外分泌产物，并被描述为四种同系物的混合物：α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基-β-羟基癸酰基-β-羟基癸酸酯（Rha-Rha-C10-C10）、α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基-β-羟基癸酸酯（Rha-Rha-C10）以及它们的单鼠李糖脂同系物Rha-C10-C10和Rha-C10。更灵敏的分析技术的发展，导致了进一步发现的各种各样的鼠李糖脂同系物和同系物（约60），产生不同浓度的各种假单胞菌属物种和属于其他科，类，甚至门的细菌。例如，各种伯克霍尔德氏菌物种已显示产生具有比铜绿假单胞菌产生的那些更长烷基链的鼠李糖脂。在铜绿假单胞菌中，携带在两个不同操纵子上的三个基因编码负责鼠李糖脂合成的最后步骤的酶：一个操纵子携带rhlAB基因，另一个携带rhlC。与rhlA、rhlB和rhlC高度相似的基因也已在各种伯克霍尔德氏菌属物种中发现，但被分组在一个推定的操纵子内，并且它们也已被证明是鼠李糖脂产生所需的。这些次级代谢产物的确切生理功能尚不清楚。大多数已鉴定的活性来自这些分子的表面活性、润湿能力、去污力和其他两亲性相关性质。事实上，鼠李糖脂促进难溶性底物的吸收和生物降解，充当免疫调节剂和毒力因子，具有抗微生物活性，并且参与表面运动性和细菌生物膜发育。
Rhamnolipids are glycolipidic biosurfactants produced by various bacterial species. They were initially found as exoproducts of the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa and described as a mixture of four congeners: α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-β-hydroxydecanoyl-β-hydroxydecanoate (Rha-Rha-C10-C10), α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-β-hydroxydecanoate (Rha-Rha-C10), as well as their mono-rhamnolipid congeners Rha-C10-C10 and Rha-C10. The development of more sensitive analytical techniques has lead to the further discovery of a wide diversity of rhamnolipid congeners and homologues (about 60) that are produced at different concentrations by various Pseudomonas species and by bacteria belonging to other families, classes, or even phyla. For example, various Burkholderia species have been shown to produce rhamnolipids that have longer alkyl chains than those produced by P. aeruginosa. In P. aeruginosa, three genes, carried on two distinct operons, code for the enzymes responsible for the final steps of rhamnolipid synthesis: one operon carries the rhlAB genes and the other rhlC. Genes highly similar to rhlA, rhlB, and rhlC have also been found in various Burkholderia species but grouped within one putative operon, and they have been shown to be required for rhamnolipid production as well. The exact physiological function of these secondary metabolites is still unclear. Most identified activities are derived from the surface activity, wetting ability, detergency, and other amphipathic-related properties of these molecules. Indeed, rhamnolipids promote the uptake and biodegradation of poorly soluble substrates, act as immune modulators and virulence factors, have antimicrobial activities, and are involved in surface motility and in bacterial biofilm development.
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影响因子：
3.6
作者：
Boles, BR;Thoendel, M;Singh, PK
通讯作者：
Singh, PK
DOI：
10.1016/s1388-1981(99)00129-8
发表时间：
1999-09-22
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
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通讯作者：
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作者：
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影响因子：
3.2
作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Arino, S;Marchal, R;Vandecasteele, JP
通讯作者：
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