Social networks and cooperation in hunter-gatherers.
Social networks and cooperation in hunter-gatherers.
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DOI：
10.1038/nature10736
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发表时间：
2012-01-25
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Christakis, Nicholas A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Apicella, Coren L.;Marlowe, Frank W.;Fowler, James H.;Christakis, Nicholas A.
社会网络表现出惊人的结构规律，理论和证据表明，它们可能在人类大规模合作的发展中发挥了作用。在这里，我们描述了哈扎人的社会网络，这是一个进化上相关的狩猎-采集者群体。我们发现Hadza网络表现出了在现代网络中也可以看到的重要性质，包括偏度分布、度分类、传递性、互易性、地理衰减性和同质性。此外，我们还证明了哈扎营在公共物品博弈捐赠方面表现出高的组内差异和低的组内差异。捐赠金额相同的人之间也更有可能建立网络纽带，合作行为的相似性最高可达两个程度的分离。最后，在解释合作中的分类时，社会距离似乎与遗传联系和身体接近一样重要。我们的结果表明，社会网络结构的某些元素可能在人类历史的早期就存在；早期人类可能与亲属和非亲属形成了联系，部分原因是他们的合作倾向；以及社会网络可能有助于合作的出现。
Social networks exhibit striking structural regularities, and theory and evidence suggest that they may have played a role in the development of large-scale cooperation in humans. Here, we characterize the social networks of the Hadza, an evolutionarily relevant population of hunter-gatherers. We show that Hadza networks exhibit important properties also seen in modernized networks, including a skewed degree distribution, degree assortativity, transitivity, reciprocity, geographic decay, and homophily. Moreover, we demonstrate that Hadza camps exhibit high between-group and low within-group variation in public goods game donations. Network ties are also more likely between people who give the same amount, and the similarity in cooperative behaviour extends up to two degrees of separation. Finally, social distance appears to be as important as genetic relatedness and physical proximity in explaining assortativity in cooperation. Our results suggest that certain elements of social network structure may have been present at an early point in human history; that early humans may have formed ties with both kin and non-kin based, in part, on their tendency to cooperate; and that social networks may have contributed to the emergence of cooperation.
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