Current strategies for reproductive management of gilts and sows in North America.
Current strategies for reproductive management of gilts and sows in North America.
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DOI：
10.1186/2049-1891-6-3
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
7
通讯作者：
Webel SK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kraeling RR;Webel SK
自20世纪50年代以来，遗传选择，营养，住房和疾病控制方面的许多进展已被纳入现代猪肉生产，从而产生了高繁殖力的女性以及实践和技术，这显着提高了繁殖群的繁殖效率。本文的目的是回顾文献和目前的行业实践用于生殖管理。作者特别关注辅助生殖技术及其在提高生产力方面的应用。与20年前的雌性相比，现代母系基因型具有较低的食欲和特殊的瘦肉生长潜力。因此，影响小母猪发育和母猪寿命的营养需求和管理技术需要不断更新。未能准确检测发情对产仔率和窝仔数的影响最大。然而，即使是准确的发情检测也不能补偿发情开始和实际排卵时间之间的间隔的可变性。然而，在断奶母猪和停用烯丙孕素后的后备母猪中给予GnRH类似物确实克服了这种变异性，从而使排卵同步，这使得固定时间AI变得实用。由温度和光周期介导的季节性不育是一个持续存在的问题。随着消费者对人道的动物护理越来越感兴趣，对工人进行饲养艺术的培训越来越重要。烯丙孕素，用于同步母猪的发情周期，延长妊娠2-3天，以同步分娩和推迟断奶后发情。P.G. 600®用于诱导青春期前后备母猪发情，并作为克服季节性发情的治疗。宫颈后AI的精子细胞数/精液剂量显著低于宫颈AI。在第3-5周使用实时超声检查确定妊娠。在正常妊娠期2天内给予PGF 2 α可有效诱导分娩。同步排卵、单次定时人工授精和诱导分娩可实现同步分娩，便于监督，降低死胎率和仔猪死亡率。分娩时的护理和协助非常重要，特别是为了确保仔猪在出生后立即摄入足够的初乳。提出了新的性能术语。
Many advances in genetic selection, nutrition, housing and disease control have been incorporated into modern pork production since the 1950s resulting in highly prolific females and practices and technologies, which significantly increased efficiency of reproduction in the breeding herd. The objective of this manuscript is to review the literature and current industry practices employed for reproductive management. In particular the authors focus on assisted reproduction technologies and their application for enhanced productivity. Modern maternal line genotypes have lower appetites and exceptional lean growth potential compared to females of 20 yr ago. Thus, nutrient requirements and management techniques and technologies, which affect gilt development and sow longevity, require continuous updating. Failure to detect estrus accurately has the greatest impact on farrowing rate and litter size. Yet, even accurate estrus detection will not compensate for the variability in the interval between onset of estrus and actual time of ovulation. However, administration of GnRH analogs in weaned sows and in gilts after withdrawal of altrenogest do overcome this variability and thereby synchronize ovulation, which makes fixed-time AI practical. Seasonal infertility, mediated by temperature and photoperiod, is a persistent problem. Training workers in the art of stockmanship is of increasing importance as consumers become more interested in humane animal care. Altrenogest, is used to synchronize the estrous cycle of gilts, to prolong gestation for 2–3 d to synchronize farrowing and to postpone post-weaning estrus. P.G. 600® is used for induction of estrus in pre-pubertal gilts and as a treatment to overcome seasonal anestrous. Sperm cell numbers/dose of semen is significantly less for post cervical AI than for cervical AI. Real-time ultrasonography is used to determine pregnancy during wk 3–5. PGF2α effectively induces farrowing when administered within two d of normal gestation length. Ovulation synchronization, single fixed-time AI and induced parturition may lead to farrowing synchronization, which facilitates supervision and reduces stillbirths and piglet mortality. Attendance and assistance at farrowing is important especially to ensure adequate colostrum consumption by piglets immediately after birth. New performance terminologies are presented.
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影响因子：
1
作者：
Anil, Sukumarannair S.;Anil, Leena;Deen, John
通讯作者：
Deen, John
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
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Bortolozzo, F. P.
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
ANDERSON, LL;DYCK, GW;MELAMPY, RM
通讯作者：
MELAMPY, RM