A Comparison of the Health Effects of Ambient Particulate Matter Air Pollution from Five Emission Sources.
A Comparison of the Health Effects of Ambient Particulate Matter Air Pollution from Five Emission Sources.
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DOI：
10.3390/ijerph15061206
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发表时间：
2018-06-08
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Cowie CT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hime NJ;Marks GB;Cowie CT
本文简要回顾了与暴露于五种常见室外排放源的颗粒物（PM）空气污染有关的健康影响的证据：交通、燃煤发电站、柴油废气、家用木材燃烧加热器和地壳粉尘。本综述的主要目的是比较与这些不同来源相关的健康影响的证据，以期回答以下问题：接触来自某些排放源的PM是否比接触来自其他来源的PM与更差的健康结果相关？回答这个问题将有助于为空气污染法规和环境政策的制定提供信息，从而最大限度地提高健康效益。了解暴露于PM成分和特定来源的PM对健康的影响是活跃的调查领域。然而，流行病学研究中使用的不同方法，以及研究之间在人口、排放源和环境空气污染混合物方面的差异，使得研究之间的结果比较存在问题。虽然有一些证据表明，与其他来源的颗粒物相比，来自交通和燃煤发电站排放的颗粒物可能会对健康造成更大的影响，但总体而言，迄今为止的证据并未表明不同排放源的颗粒物对健康的危害有明确的“等级”。在改变目前尽量减少暴露于PM总质量的公共卫生保护方法之前，需要使用更先进的暴露建模、测量和统计方法对特定来源的PM的健康影响进行进一步调查。
This article briefly reviews evidence of health effects associated with exposure to particulate matter (PM) air pollution from five common outdoor emission sources: traffic, coal-fired power stations, diesel exhaust, domestic wood combustion heaters, and crustal dust. The principal purpose of this review is to compare the evidence of health effects associated with these different sources with a view to answering the question: Is exposure to PM from some emission sources associated with worse health outcomes than exposure to PM from other sources? Answering this question will help inform development of air pollution regulations and environmental policy that maximises health benefits. Understanding the health effects of exposure to components of PM and source-specific PM are active fields of investigation. However, the different methods that have been used in epidemiological studies, along with the differences in populations, emission sources, and ambient air pollution mixtures between studies, make the comparison of results between studies problematic. While there is some evidence that PM from traffic and coal-fired power station emissions may elicit greater health effects compared to PM from other sources, overall the evidence to date does not indicate a clear ‘hierarchy’ of harmfulness for PM from different emission sources. Further investigations of the health effects of source-specific PM with more advanced approaches to exposure modeling, measurement, and statistics, are required before changing the current public health protection approach of minimising exposure to total PM mass.
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影响因子：
10
作者：
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通讯作者：
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