Particulate matter beyond mass: recent health evidence on the role of fractions, chemical constituents and sources of emission.
Particulate matter beyond mass: recent health evidence on the role of fractions, chemical constituents and sources of emission.
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DOI：
10.3109/08958378.2013.850127
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发表时间：
2013-12
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Kelly FJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cassee FR;Héroux ME;Gerlofs-Nijland ME;Kelly FJ
颗粒物（PM）在世界各地根据特定尺寸的截止值进行监管，通常表示为10或2.5 µm的质量中值空气动力学直径。这种污染物被认为是对健康最危险的污染物之一，此外，环境浓度高的问题仍然存在。重新评估环境空气质量标准的持续压力来自于研究，这些研究不仅确定了低水平PM的影响，而且还揭示了减少某些成分，来源和粒度可能最好地保护公众健康。近年来，从毒理学研究中出现了大量已发表的信息。越来越多的证据已经确定了其他的空气质量指标（例如黑碳，二次有机和无机气溶胶），这些指标在评估例如交通排放的主要燃烧颗粒物的健康风险方面可能是有价值的，这些颗粒物在PM2.5质量中没有得到充分考虑。到目前为止，所积累的大多数证据都是关于交通中的含碳物质对健康的不利影响。汽车产生的灰尘，包括道路、刹车和轮胎磨损，也会对健康产生不利影响。暴露时间从几分钟到一年都与不良影响有关。收集到的新证据支持世界卫生组织《空气质量指南》的科学结论，也为采取果断行动改善空气质量和减少与空气污染相关的全球疾病负担提供了科学依据。
Particulate matter (PM) is regulated in various parts of the world based on specific size cut offs, often expressed as 10 or 2.5 µm mass median aerodynamic diameter. This pollutant is deemed one of the most dangerous to health and moreover, problems persist with high ambient concentrations. Continuing pressure to re-evaluate ambient air quality standards stems from research that not only has identified effects at low levels of PM but which also has revealed that reductions in certain components, sources and size fractions may best protect public health. Considerable amount of published information have emerged from toxicological research in recent years. Accumulating evidence has identified additional air quality metrics (e.g. black carbon, secondary organic and inorganic aerosols) that may be valuable in evaluating the health risks of, for example, primary combustion particles from traffic emissions, which are not fully taken into account with PM2.5 mass. Most of the evidence accumulated so far is for an adverse effect on health of carbonaceous material from traffic. Traffic-generated dust, including road, brake and tire wear, also contribute to the adverse effects on health. Exposure durations from a few minutes up to a year have been linked with adverse effects. The new evidence collected supports the scientific conclusions of the World Health Organization Air Quality Guidelines and also provides scientific arguments for taking decisive actions to improve air quality and reduce the global burden of disease associated with air pollution.
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影响因子：
2.1
作者：
Gottipolu, Reddy R.;Landa, Edward R.;Kodavanti, Urmila P.
通讯作者：
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影响因子：
11.4
作者：
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影响因子：
2.1
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
10.4
作者：
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通讯作者：
Frampton, MW
影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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