Strategy and processing speed eclipse individual differences in control ability in conflict tasks.
Strategy and processing speed eclipse individual differences in control ability in conflict tasks.
复制标题
策略和处理速度会在冲突任务中控制能力的个体差异。
DOI：
10.1037/xlm0001028
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发表时间：
2022-10
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Sumner, Petroc
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hedge, Craig;Powell, Georgina;Bompas, Aline;Sumner, Petroc
关键词：
反应控制或抑制是现代认知心理学的基石之一，在执行功能理论和冲动行为理论中占有重要地位。然而，由于无法观察到常用任务之间的相关性，一些理论家开始质疑是否存在共同的反应冲突过程。回答这个问题的一个挑战是，行为是多方面的，冲突和非冲突过程（例如，策略，处理速度）都会导致个体差异。在这里，我们使用认知模型来分离这些过程；冲突任务的扩散模型。在对包含侧卫、Simon、色字Stroop和空间Stroop任务组合的七个经验数据集的拟合元分析中，我们观察到反映冲突处理参数的任务之间存在弱（r < 0.05）零阶相关性，似乎挑战了一般控制结构。然而，我们的荟萃分析显示，在代表处理速度和策略的参数中存在一致的正相关。然后，我们使用模型模拟来评估行为成本的相关性是否可以诊断冲突处理的共同机制是否存在。我们使用该模型对跨任务的冲突机制施加已知的相关性，并将模拟行为与跨任务没有冲突相关性时的模拟行为进行比较。我们发现，策略和处理速度的相关性可以产生等于或大于相关冲突机制产生的行为相关性。我们的结论是，如果研究人员不控制策略和处理速度，冲突任务之间的相关性仅对常见冲突机制具有弱信息。
Response control or inhibition is one of the cornerstones of modern cognitive psychology, featuring prominently in theories of executive functioning and impulsive behavior. However, repeated failures to observe correlations between commonly applied tasks have led some theorists to question whether common response conflict processes even exist. A challenge to answering this question is that behavior is multifaceted, with both conflict and nonconflict processes (e.g., strategy, processing speed) contributing to individual differences. Here, we use a cognitive model to dissociate these processes; the diffusion model for conflict tasks. In a meta-analysis of fits to seven empirical datasets containing combinations of the flanker, Simon, color-word Stroop, and spatial Stroop tasks, we observed weak (r < .05) zero-order correlations between tasks in parameters reflecting conflict processing, seemingly challenging a general control construct. However, our meta-analysis showed consistent positive correlations in parameters representing processing speed and strategy. We then use model simulations to evaluate whether correlations in behavioral costs are diagnostic of the presence or absence of common mechanisms of conflict processing. We use the model to impose known correlations for conflict mechanisms across tasks, and we compare the simulated behavior to simulations when there is no conflict correlation across tasks. We find that correlations in strategy and processing speed can produce behavioral correlations equal to, or larger than, those produced by correlated conflict mechanisms. We conclude that correlations between conflict tasks are only weakly informative about common conflict mechanisms if researchers do not control for strategy and processing speed.
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影响因子：
5.7
作者：
Egner, Tobias;Delano, Margaret;Hirsch, Joy
通讯作者：
Hirsch, Joy
影响因子：
12.6
作者：
Draheim, Christopher;Hicks, Kenny L.;Engle, Randall W.
通讯作者：
Engle, Randall W.
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1708285114
发表时间：
2018-03-13
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Baribault, Beth;Donkin, Chris;Vandekerckhove, Joachim
通讯作者：
Vandekerckhove, Joachim
影响因子：
22.4
作者：
CRONBACH, LJ
通讯作者：
CRONBACH, LJ
影响因子：
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作者：
Dillon, D. G.;Wiecki, T.;Pizzagalli, D. A.
通讯作者：
Pizzagalli, D. A.