Wheat Escapes Low Light Stress by Altering Pollination Types.
Wheat Escapes Low Light Stress by Altering Pollination Types.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpls.2022.924565
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
虽然弱光胁迫严重影响了生育期小花育性和粒数，但作物可以通过异源花粉受精来缓解粒数的减少。然而，小麦是强自花受精的，弱光后如何转变为异交，目前还不清楚。为了了解这一变化过程的机制，结合形态学、生理学和转录组学分析的方法进行了低光胁迫下的小孢子时期的孕穗期从四分体到单核小孢子时期。结果表明，弱光胁迫导致花粉败育，未受精的子房在小花开放后被异源花粉受精。外稃和颖片的张开角分别比对照增加11.6- 48.6%和48.4- 78.5%。逆境小麦异交可补偿2.1-18.0%的粒数损失。在这一过程中，植物激素发挥了重要作用。茉莉酸（JA）和茉莉酸甲酯（MeJA）含量增加。同时，木质素和纤维素含量降低，与细胞壁相关GO术语相关的基因富集。在差异表达基因（DEG）中，鉴定了88-710个转录因子基因，其中一些拟南芥同源基因被认为在木质素和纤维素中发挥作用，影响颖壳和外稃的打开。这一发现为植物在逆境胁迫下通过改变授粉方式而在缺乏自花受精的情况下结籽的生存机制提供了新的认识。
Although low light stress seriously affects florets fertility and grain number during the reproductive period, crops can be fertilized by heterologous pollen to alleviate the reduction of grain number. However, wheat is strongly autogamous, how to change to outcross after low light remains unclear. To understand the mechanisms of this change process, an approach combined morphological, physiological, and transcriptomic analyses was performed under low light stress imposed at the young microspore stage the booting stage from tetrad to uni-nucleate microspores stage. The results showed that low light stress caused pollen abortion, and the unfertilized ovary is fertilized by heterologous pollen after floret opening. Compared to control, the opening angle of lemma and glume were increased by 11.6–48.6 and 48.4–78.5%, respectively. The outcross of stressed wheat compensated for the 2.1–18.0% of grain number loss. During this process, phytohormones played an important role. Jasmonic acid (JA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) levels in spikelets were increased. Meanwhile, lignin and cellulose content decreased, and genes associated with cell wall related GO terms were enriched. Among the differentially expressed genes (DEGs), were identified 88-710 transcription factors genes, of which some homologs in Arabidopsis are proposed to function in lignin and cellulose, influencing the glume and lemma opening. Our finding can provide new insight into a survival mechanism to set seeds through pollination way alteration in the absence of self-fertilization after the stress of adversity.
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