Studying primate cognition in a social setting to improve validity and welfare: a literature review highlighting successful approaches.
Studying primate cognition in a social setting to improve validity and welfare: a literature review highlighting successful approaches.
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作者：
Cronin KA;Jacobson SL;Bonnie KE;Hopper LM
在社会环境中研究动物认知与实践和统计挑战有关。然而，在不干扰物种典型社会群体的情况下进行认知研究可以增加生态有效性，最大限度地减少痛苦，提高动物福利。在这里，我们回顾了现有的文献中的认知研究与灵长类动物在社会环境中运行，以确定如何广泛的测试，并强调可能指导未来的研究规划的方法。使用Google Scholar检索术语“灵长类动物”、“认知”、“实验”和“社会群体”，我们进行了涵盖16年（2000-2015年）的系统性文献检索。然后，我们在每个期刊中进行了两次补充检索，其中包含符合原始检索标准的出版物，在一次检索中使用术语“灵长类动物”和“回放”，在第二次检索中使用术语“灵长类动物”、“认知”和“社会群体”。这些结果被用来评估在社会环境中（>3个个体）研究非人类灵长类动物认知的频率，以获得对已研究的物种和主题的看法，并提取成功的社会测试方法。我们的搜索结果显示，在43种期刊上发表了248篇独特的论文，涉及71个物种。近年来，出版物的绝对数量有所增加，这表明在社会环境中研究认知的可行策略。虽然研究了广泛的物种，但它们的代表性并不相等，19%的出版物报告了黑猩猩的数据。野外是灵长类动物社会群体中最常见的实验环境，占实验结果的一半以上。确定了缓解实际和统计挑战的办法。这项分析表明，在社会环境中对灵长类认知的研究正在增加，并在一系列环境中进行。这篇文献综述提请注意的例子，可能提供有价值的模型，希望克服潜在的实际和统计的挑战，在社会环境中研究认知的研究人员，最终提高有效性和改善我们研究的灵长类动物的福利。
Studying animal cognition in a social setting is associated with practical and statistical challenges. However, conducting cognitive research without disturbing species-typical social groups can increase ecological validity, minimize distress, and improve animal welfare. Here, we review the existing literature on cognitive research run with primates in a social setting in order to determine how widespread such testing is and highlight approaches that may guide future research planning. Using Google Scholar to search the terms “primate” “cognition” “experiment” and “social group,” we conducted a systematic literature search covering 16 years (2000–2015 inclusive). We then conducted two supplemental searches within each journal that contained a publication meeting our criteria in the original search, using the terms “primate” and “playback” in one search and the terms “primate” “cognition” and “social group” in the second. The results were used to assess how frequently nonhuman primate cognition has been studied in a social setting (>3 individuals), to gain perspective on the species and topics that have been studied, and to extract successful approaches for social testing. Our search revealed 248 unique publications in 43 journals encompassing 71 species. The absolute number of publications has increased over years, suggesting viable strategies for studying cognition in social settings. While a wide range of species were studied they were not equally represented, with 19% of the publications reporting data for chimpanzees. Field sites were the most common environment for experiments run in social groups of primates, accounting for more than half of the results. Approaches to mitigating the practical and statistical challenges were identified. This analysis has revealed that the study of primate cognition in a social setting is increasing and taking place across a range of environments. This literature review calls attention to examples that may provide valuable models for researchers wishing to overcome potential practical and statistical challenges to studying cognition in a social setting, ultimately increasing validity and improving the welfare of the primates we study.
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