Neuropsychological components of intellectual disability: the contributions of immediate, working, and associative memory.
Neuropsychological components of intellectual disability: the contributions of immediate, working, and associative memory.
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2788.2010.01278.x
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发表时间：
2010-05
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Mervis CB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Edgin JO;Pennington BF;Mervis CB
高效的记忆功能对于认知和功能技能的发展非常重要，使个人能够操纵和存储信息。记忆理论表明，跨记忆领域存在特定领域（即语言和空间）和一般处理机制，包括依赖于前额叶皮层（PFC）和海马体的记忆功能。比较患有与语言和空间任务技能显着差异相关的综合症的个体[例如，唐氏综合症（DS）和威廉姆斯综合症（WS）]使我们能够测试这些分离是否可能跨越认知领域，包括前额皮质和海马记忆过程。在患有 DS (n = 27) 或 WS (n = 28) 的青少年和年轻人样本中检查了记忆功能的概况，包括即时记忆 (IM)、工作记忆 (WM) 和联想记忆 (AM)，从中生成了 CA 和 IQ 紧密匹配的 DS (n = 18) 或 WS (n = 18) 个体样本。记忆功能与智商和适应性行为之间的关系也在更大的样本中进行了评估。两个匹配组的比较表明言语 IM (DS < WS)、空间 IM (DS > WS) 以及空间和言语 AM (DS > WS) 存在显着差异，但 WM 没有综合征间差异。对于患有 DS 的个体，言语 IM 与 IQ 变化最相关，而空间 AM 与适应性行为相关。对于 WS 患者来说，这种模式明显不同。言语和空间 AM 与 IQ 变化最相关，而言语 WM 与适应性行为相关。这些结果表明，患有这两种综合征的个体在记忆测量方面具有非常不同的相对优势和劣势模式，这并不能完全反映言语和空间分离。此外，不同模式的记忆功能障碍与患有每种综合症的个体的结果相关。
Efficient memory functions are important to the development of cognitive and functional skills, allowing individuals to manipulate and store information. Theories of memory have suggested the presence of domain-specific (i.e. verbal and spatial) and general processing mechanisms across memory domains, including memory functions dependent on the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the hippocampus. Comparison of individuals who have syndromes associated with striking contrasts in skills on verbal and spatial tasks [e.g. Down syndrome (DS) and Williams syndrome (WS)] allows us to test whether or not these dissociations may extend across cognitive domains, including PFC and hippocampal memory processes. The profile of memory function, including immediate memory (IM), working memory (WM) and associative memory (AM), was examined in a sample of adolescents and young adults with DS (n = 27) or WS (n = 28), from which closely CA- and IQ-matched samples of individuals with DS (n = 18) or WS (n = 18) were generated. Relations between memory functions and IQ and adaptive behaviour were also assessed in the larger sample. Comparisons of the two matched groups indicated significant differences in verbal IM (DS < WS), spatial IM (DS > WS) and spatial and verbal AM (DS > WS), but no between-syndrome differences in WM. For individuals with DS, verbal IM was the most related to variation in IQ, and spatial AM related to adaptive behaviour. The pattern was clearly different for individuals with WS. Verbal and spatial AM were the most related to variation in IQ, and verbal WM related to adaptive behaviour. These results suggest that individuals with these two syndromes have very different patterns of relative strengths and weaknesses on memory measures, which do not fully mirror verbal and spatial dissociations. Furthermore, different patterns of memory dysfunction relate to outcome in individuals with each syndrome.
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影响因子：
1.5
作者：
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通讯作者：
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DOI：
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发表时间：
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DOI：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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