C Proteins: Controllers of Orderly Paramyxovirus Replication and of the Innate Immune Response.
C Proteins: Controllers of Orderly Paramyxovirus Replication and of the Innate Immune Response.
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DOI：
10.3390/v14010137
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发表时间：
2022-01-12
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Pfaller CK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Siering O;Cattaneo R;Pfaller CK
许多副粘病毒的颗粒包括少量分子量约为20 kDa的蛋白质。这些蛋白质称为“C”，是碱性的，具有低氨基酸同源性和一些二级结构保守性。C蛋白在磷蛋白基因的交替阅读框中编码。一些病毒表达嵌套的C蛋白，在不同的位置发挥其功能：在细胞核中，它们干扰引起先天免疫反应的细胞转录因子;在细胞质中，它们与病毒核糖核衣壳结合并控制聚合酶的持续合成能力和有序复制，从而最大限度地减少先天免疫的激活。此外，某些C蛋白可以直接结合干扰素诱导、干扰素信号传导和炎症所需的几种细胞质蛋白并干扰其功能。一些C蛋白也是有效的病毒颗粒组装和出芽所必需的。C缺陷型病毒可以在某些转化细胞系中生长，但在天然宿主中不致病。C蛋白影响与其他磷蛋白基因编码的蛋白质V相同的宿主功能，但为此目的使用不同的策略。多个独立的系统，以抵消宿主的防御，可以确保有效的免疫逃避，并促进病毒适应新的主机和组织环境。
Particles of many paramyxoviruses include small amounts of proteins with a molecular weight of about 20 kDa. These proteins, termed “C”, are basic, have low amino acid homology and some secondary structure conservation. C proteins are encoded in alternative reading frames of the phosphoprotein gene. Some viruses express nested sets of C proteins that exert their functions in different locations: In the nucleus, they interfere with cellular transcription factors that elicit innate immune responses; in the cytoplasm, they associate with viral ribonucleocapsids and control polymerase processivity and orderly replication, thereby minimizing the activation of innate immunity. In addition, certain C proteins can directly bind to, and interfere with the function of, several cytoplasmic proteins required for interferon induction, interferon signaling and inflammation. Some C proteins are also required for efficient virus particle assembly and budding. C-deficient viruses can be grown in certain transformed cell lines but are not pathogenic in natural hosts. C proteins affect the same host functions as other phosphoprotein gene-encoded proteins named V but use different strategies for this purpose. Multiple independent systems to counteract host defenses may ensure efficient immune evasion and facilitate virus adaptation to new hosts and tissue environments.
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