Selectionist and evolutionary approaches to brain function: a critical appraisal.-猫眼课题宝

DOI：

10.3389/fncom.2012.00024

发表时间：

2012

期刊：

Frontiers in computational neuroscience

影响因子：

3.2

通讯作者：

中科院分区：

医学4区

文献类型：

作者：

Fernando C;Szathmáry E;Husbands P

来源链接：

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3337445/?report=classic

我们考虑的方法，大脑的动力学和功能，已被声称是达尔文主义。这些理论包括Edelman的神经元群体选择理论、Changeux的突触选择和前表征的选择性稳定理论、Seung的达尔文突触、Loewenstein的突触改良、Adam的自私突触和卡尔文的复制活动模式。除了最后两个，所提出的机制是选择论的，但不是真正的达尔文主义的，因为没有复制因子的信息转移到副本和遗传变异可以确定在他们。然而，所有这些都符合符合普莱斯协方差公式的广义选择主义框架，该框架甚至故意不特定于生物学中的选择，因此并不意味着生物进化的算法图像。贝叶斯模型和强化学习在形式上与选择动力学一致。一个分类的搜索算法，包括达尔文的复制（进化单位与乘法，遗传和变异）作为最强大的机制，在一个稀疏占用的搜索空间搜索。例子给出的情况下，在单位之间的信息传输的并行竞争搜索比搜索没有单位之间的信息传输更有效。最后，我们回顾了我们最近试图构建和分析简单的模型，真正的达尔文进化单位在大脑中的连接和活动复制的神经元群体。虽然没有一个被提出的神经元复制器包括奇迹般的机制，但它们的识别仍然是一个挑战，但也是一个巨大的希望。

We consider approaches to brain dynamics and function that have been claimed to be Darwinian. These include Edelman’s theory of neuronal group selection, Changeux’s theory of synaptic selection and selective stabilization of pre-representations, Seung’s Darwinian synapse, Loewenstein’s synaptic melioration, Adam’s selfish synapse, and Calvin’s replicating activity patterns. Except for the last two, the proposed mechanisms are selectionist but not truly Darwinian, because no replicators with information transfer to copies and hereditary variation can be identified in them. All of them fit, however, a generalized selectionist framework conforming to the picture of Price’s covariance formulation, which deliberately was not specific even to selection in biology, and therefore does not imply an algorithmic picture of biological evolution. Bayesian models and reinforcement learning are formally in agreement with selection dynamics. A classification of search algorithms is shown to include Darwinian replicators (evolutionary units with multiplication, heredity, and variability) as the most powerful mechanism for search in a sparsely occupied search space. Examples are given of cases where parallel competitive search with information transfer among the units is more efficient than search without information transfer between units. Finally, we review our recent attempts to construct and analyze simple models of true Darwinian evolutionary units in the brain in terms of connectivity and activity copying of neuronal groups. Although none of the proposed neuronal replicators include miraculous mechanisms, their identification remains a challenge but also a great promise.