Quantum Theory of Low-Dimensional Condensed Matter (Materials Research)

随着复杂的实验方法的出现， 高特异性外延生长膜（例如 极薄的粒状金属薄膜）和层状结构 (such作为半导体异质结）， 探索各种特性良好的两个- 三维电子系统 各种现代平版印刷 技术进一步拓宽了人工双- 可以研究的空间结构。 特别是 在低温下进行的各种实验表明， 二维结构是一种惊人的丰富的宏观结构， 量子现象：整数量子化和分数量子化霍尔效应 效应，超导性开始时的量子效应， 约瑟夫森结阵列中的电阻振荡，以及 电阻波动和Aharanov-Bohm振荡 金属，仅举几例。 拟议的研究涉及各种 量子现象的宏观表现， 尤其是二维系统。 工作主题分为 四个基本类别：1）量子霍尔效应，2）量子 在颗粒状或其他强烈无序薄膜中的效应 3）模型隧穿问题 涉及多于一维的配置空间，以及4） 准一维有机导体的性质。

With the advent of sophisticated experimental methods for the synthesis of highly specific epitaxially grown films (such as extremely thin films of granular metals) and layered structures (such as semiconductor heterojunctions) it has become possible to explore the properties of a variety of well characterized two- dimensional electronic systems. Various modern lithographic techniques further broaden the range of artificial two- dimensional structures that can be studied. In particular, a variety of experiments at low temperatures have revealed in these two-dimensional structures a surprising richness of macroscopic quantum phenomena: the integer and fractionally quantized Hall effect, quantum effects in the onset of superconductivity, resistance oscillations in Josephson junction arrays, and resistance fluctuations and Aharanov-Bohm oscillations in normal metals to name a few. The proposed research deals with various macroscopic manifestations of quantum phenomena in one, and especially two-dimensional systems. The work topics fall into four basic categories: 1) the quantum Hall effect, 2) quantum effects in granular, or otherwise strongly disordered thin films of superconducting material, 3) model tunneling problems involving more than one-dimensional configuration space, and 4) the properties of quasi-one-dimensional organic conductors.