Canine Size Jaw Movements and Loading Patterns

这项拨款允许Hylander博士和他的同事研究 狗的大小对动物咀嚼的影响。详细分析 将对4名成年人进行下颌运动和负荷模式 雄性和4只成年雌性狒狒回答三个相关问题 问题.在咀嚼过程中，什么是：（1）影响 犬的大小（男性与女性）对下颌运动，（2） 食物的机械性质对颌运动的影响， （3）加载与颌运动的关系。的 研究人员希望特别关注以下方面的相互作用： 这三个问题。为了做到这一点，他们将分析 垂直，横向和前后颚运动与磁铁 感应下巴。跟踪系统最初是为人类设计的。 下颌骨的载荷模式将通过两种应变分析 测量和肌电图技术。 人类区别于其他灵长类动物的一个特征是 我们犬齿的缩小和功能意义 这一点在最早的人类身上很明显， 这是古人类学中一个重要且备受争议的话题。这 一项研究旨在验证犬科动物减少 消除了下颌运动的机械限制， 咀嚼消除这些限制 允许下颌骨的侧向运动增加 从而增加咀嚼的整体效率。 这个项目将有助于回答这个问题。 这项研究很重要，因为它将有助于解释 人类发展的基础因素，并导致 我们自己物种的出现。

This grant permits Dr. Hylander and his colleagues to study the effect of canine size on how animals chew. A detailed analysis of jaw movements and loading patterns will be conducted on 4 adult male and 4 adult female baboons to answer three related questions. During mastication, what is: (1) the influence of canine size (males vs. females) on jaw movements, (2) the influence of the mechanical properties of food on jaw movements, and (3) the relationship between loading and jaw movements. The investigators wish to focus particularly on the interaction of the three questions. To accomplish this they will analyze vertical, lateral and front.to.back jaw movements with a magnet sensing jaw.tracking system originally designed for humans. Loading patterns of the mandible will be analyzed by both strain gage and electromyograplhic techniques. One tgait which distinguishes human from other primates is the reduced size of our canine teeth and the functional significance of this, which is evident in the earliest humans, continues to be a crucial and much debated topic in paleoanthropology. This research is designed to test the hypothesis that canine reduction eliminates mechanical constraints on mandibular movements during mastication. The elimination of these constraints supposedly allows an increase in the sideway movement of the mandible during biting and thus increases the overall efficiency of mastication. This project will help to answer this question. The research is important because it will help to explicate the factors which underlie human development and led to the appearance of our own species.