Study of the Causes and Consequences of the International- ization of U.S. Manufacturing

本提案是为制造业研究委员会的 美国国家科学院成立一个委员会， 研究报告，以审查战略冲突的原因和后果， 制造业企业对日益增加的国际 竞争 这些战略包括外国直接投资， 外包、与外国公司合资、许可证 外国公司在美国的直接投资 国家和合作研发协定。委员会将包括 大约25名成员，他们具有一般的专门知识， 制造、国际业务、市场营销、劳动关系、 工程、研究和金融。 这项研究应提供一个全面的评价， 美国使用的战略的动机和后果。 制造商在国际市场上保持竞争力 市场。 该委员会计划查明 国际制造环境的因素，如 比较劳动力和资本成本，研发支出，以及 先进制造业的现状、可用性和利用率 技术. 这项研究应该确定为什么公司经理人 对国际竞争作出不同的反应， 政府政策对其决策的影响，研究如何 这些决定可能会影响美国的长期能力。 制造商进行先进的研发创新和竞争 有效地，并评估这些不同的长期影响 美国的经济、技术和军事战略 实力 第一阶段将在国内开发和测试该方法 竞技场（涉及3-4家公司和几个行业）。 二期 将扩大调查范围，包括更多的公司， 国内竞技场的行业（涉及多达20家公司和5- 6行业）。 如果获得额外资金，将进行第三阶段 从其他来源获得。 第三阶段如果进行，将 比较国内制造商的压力和反应， 选定的外国同行（将涉及多达20个国内同行） 公司，5-6个国内行业;多达20家外国公司， 5-6外国工业;日本和欧洲）。

This proposal is for the Manufacturing Studies Board of the National Academy of Sciences to establish a committee to conduct a study to examine the causes and consequences of the strategic responses by manufacturing firms to increasing international competition. Such strategies include foreign direct investment, outsourcing, joint ventures with foreign firms, licensing agreements, direct investment by foreign companies in the United States, and cooperative R&D agreements. The committee will comprise approximately 25 members who have expertise in general manufacturing, international operations, marketing, labor relations, engineering, research, and finance. This study should provide a comprehensive evaluation of the motivations for and consequences of the strategies used by U.S. manufacturers to remain competitive in the international marketplace. The committee plans to identify trends in the international manufacturing environment in terms of factors such as comparative labor and capital costs, R&D expenditures, and the state, availability, and utilization of advanced manufacturing technologies. The study should determine why corporate managers are choosing different responses to international competition, identify the effects of government policies on their decisions, examine how such decisions may affect the long-term ability of U.S. manufacturers to conduct advanced R&D to innovate and compete effectively, and assess the long-term repercussions of these various strategies on continued U.S. economic, technical, and military strength. Phase I will develop and test the methodology in the domestic arena (involves 3-4 companies and a couple of industries). Phase II will expand the investigation to include additional firms and industries in the domestic arena (involves up to 20 companies and 5- 6 industries). Phase III will be conducted if additional funds become available from other sources. Phase III, if conducted, would compare the pressures and responses of domestic manufacturers to selected foreign counterparts (would involve up to 20 domestic companies, 5-6 domestic industries; up to 20 foreign companies and 5-6 foreign industries; Japan and Europe).